Sibaroar

SIBAROAR, 

ANCESTOR OF NASUTION CLAN

Once upon a time, there was a king in Huta Bargot (Mandailing) named Sutan Pulunagan. One day he went hunting, and came near the banyan tree: Hayuara Panunggu located in Muara Batang Angkola. Suddenly the dog barking, Sutan Pulungan thought a deer was sound dog, but after being approached, apparently a younger infants (new born) lying on top of a large rock under the Banyan tree that is 'gonggongan' (disturbed by noise) of the dog. 

Sutan Pulungan then brought the baby to his house in Huta Bargot. At the same time Sultan Pulungan wife gave birth to a child boys too. The baby then deposited on a poor mother to be raised, the location of his home on the edge of Huta Bargot. The name of the mother is Sauwa, and the child finds it named Sibaro Ara (baro = toras, ayu ara = 'banyan tree'), because he was found under a 'banyan tree', but later called Sibaroar. 

After about 5 years old, the child was so dashing and handsome, so that there arose jealousy Sutan Pulungan wife, because the child was found by Sutan Pulungan was more handsome than his own. His wife does not want any more children dashing of his son (his son). Was no intention to kill the child. Incidentally central pillar of Bagas Godang (palace) would be replaced. There malice that was used as a sacrificial child support pole. Yet another spoke of fate, even children who got Sutan Pulungan own and be victim. Sutan Pulungan angry and ordered the commander to kill the child. Sauwa (foster mother) the boy ran into the rice fields in Huta Bargot and under his cabin, but the birds came guinea fowl perched on the roof of the old shack. So the commander lost track. Actually they are suspicious of the old shack, but because there is a bird perched on its roof 'balam' make sure they are not there people in the hut. After seeing the Hulu Sauwa Blang was gone, then took the boy to the edge of Batang Gadis (Pasar Akad, Mandailing), where the river while it was flooded, suddenly hanyutlah and menghempang large tree in front of them like a bridge, and then they also pursue (crossing). 

In subsequent trips, they until to Huta Lombang (Panyabungan-Jae). There was a king named Namora Paimahon Rangkuti. He is very suspicious of Sauwa, because they came from the direction of Huta Bargot, while Huta Lombang and Huta Bargot being hostile, so Sauwa considered spies. 

Therefore Namora Paimahon Rangkuti told them to stay in the upper Huta Lombang in a "home stay" (does anyone have) because the owner has died and has no descendants. Because of her, the house has become a hotbed babiat (tiger) are highly malignant. But the arrival of the home Sauwa turns instantly tame the tiger and licking the feet of a small child. Then they also lived in the house. When growing up he diligently meditated, thus becoming the powerful man. 

A devastated future fields because many pests, and Namora Paimahon Rangkuti hold deliberations. Sibaro Ara was coming, but because he was not allowed into her comer, so he had to sit in the front door over the 'sandals' of people who join the deliberations. In the discussion he had proposed but rejected its because she immigrants. Results meeting and discussion run, tetpi to no avail, and then a second consultation was held again, once the proposal is accepted and after Sibaro Ara run was successful. Namora Paimahon Rangkuti who feel embarrassed because as long as it is alienating the Baro fig, then go fuck off somewhere. Communities that have been left Huta Lombang king, busy-busy moving to a house near Sibaro fig, fig and raised Sibaro as their new king with the title of Sultan Di Aru Parkanasaktion and shelter Sibaro Ara called Panyabungan Tonga Tonga, which is now called Panyabungan-Tonga. 

Furthermore, there is a war between the Sultan Pulungan with Sutan Di Aru Parkanasaktion. Troops in the war, Sutan Di Aru Parkanasaktion almost lost. Suddenly Sutan Di Aru Parkanasaktion rise to the top of a large rock and held up his hand. Suddenly there came lightning Sutan Pulungan Sutan, so that forces Sutan Pulungan mess. 

Namora Kingdom Lubis of Singengu come to reconcile. In the peace Sibaro Ara  degree in Sutan Di Aru Parkanasaktion mated with daughters named Sutan Pulungan Namora Sitapi Paserahan. Furthermore, of the marriage turns Namora Sitapi Paserahan Boru Sutan Pulungan short-lived, leaving no descendants. Then Sutan Di Aru Parkanasaktion mating with Namora Sitapi Paserahan Rumondang daughter of Sultan Batara Guru Hasibuan (King in the Pannai Kingdom/Padanglawas when it). And from this marriage was born Mr. Natoras. This Tuan Natoras have a son Tuan Moksha, and Tuan Moksha have two son namely Baginda Tobing Na Injang and Baginda Mangaraja Enda. Furthermore, of these two scattered Nasution clans in Mandailing. (EN)

Gandoang. June 30, 2014.

~0~

Ancestors

Where our ancestors come from?

Abstract

Beliefs about ancestral origins of a tribal (ethnic groups) that are rooted far from the island of Sumatra was not only dominated by Minangkabau society. There are at least 6 other tribes claiming to come from areas far beyond the island of Sumatra, the Riau Inderagiri community in Kuantan, Kerinci community, Karo ethnic (especially Marga Sembiring), Barus community on the west coast of North Sumatra, Pakpak and Mandailing  ethnics in North Sumatra.


Prologue

In prehistoric times, is a profess belief in animism that they believe that the spirits of people who have died around the corpse is still there, and they still need like during his lifetime, so it is understandable if the body remains intact, because the bodies were placed in stone houses in order not to be disturbed by wild animals. In this animistic belief system, large trees, wide river, mountains and hills, is considered have the guardian (subtle beings) that can stigmatize a person if he is not doing well. Dempo peak in South Sumatra, for example given by the grain-grain oarng certain individuals, as a legacy of the pre-history who believe. That still exist outside the human spirits that can be mastered. Belief in the spirit world seen from the direction of the placement of the corpse's head is directed to the place of origin or abode of ancestral spirits. The place is usually believed to be the spirits of ancestors is the direction of the sunrise or sunset and the high places, for example, mountains and hills. Evidence regarding it can be seen from the results of the excavation of ancient tombs in some places, such as in Bali, indicates the direction of the head of the corpse was always to the east or the west or toward the tops of the mountains and hills.

Practices animism seen in the organization of the ceremony ceremonies associated with death. Solemnization of death based on the belief that it was basically a death did not bring a change in position, state, and one's nature. With that foundation, the burial of the bodies is always accompanied with the stock-stock grave and container bodies adjusted his position, so that the dead person's position in the spirits of the same nature as when he was alive. The core belief is the worship and perhormatan to the spirit of people who have died, especially the respect and worship of ancestral spirits (the ancestors). Inside the caves discovered a human skeleton that had been buried. Such a finding is very important to examine the custom to bury the bodies with their religious beliefs. Historians conclude that at that time people already have certain beliefs about death.

Erect buildings-building tradition megalithicum always associated with the belief that there is a relationship between the living with the dead (mega means big, lithos means stone). Especially the belief in the existence of a strong influence of the dead on social welfare and plant fertility. Large stone buildings incorporated into the medium homage.

At the plant, the trust still animism, dynamism, and totemism. However, it is much higher than the previous period. At this time performed the ceremonies of respect for ancestral spirits. The ceremony was most striking in the funeral ceremony for them that are deemed especially prominent by the community. People who die usually equipped with an assortment of items used everyday such as crockery, jewelery, and so on are buried together. The point is that the spirit of the deceased will not get lost on the way to where the ancestors or their origin. If a place is considered as the spirits too far or difficult to obtain, then the people who died quite buried somewhere by putting his focus to a spot referred to, namely the 'spirit of place'.

At the plant, the deceased received a special honor. This is evidenced by the discovery of many objects in the form of a large stone structure in various forms and is usually called megalithicum building. Megalithic buildings spread almost all over the Indonesian archipelago. The shape of the building is an assortment that has the primary purpose of which is the cult of the ancestors. The oldest building may serve as a grave. The forms may be burial place: dolmen, stone coffin, stone chamber, sarcophagus, kalamba or stone vessels, waruga, stone cage and retrieval bracelet. In places such graves are sometimes found other large stone buildings as a complement to the cult of ancestor spirits such as 'menhir', 'patung nenek moyang', 'batu saji', 'batu lesung' atau 'lumpang', 'batu dakon', 'punden berundak', 'pelinggih  batu' atau 'batu jalanan'.

In Pasemah, South Sumatra and also found a statue menhir ancestors. Several types of graves had been developed in the form of functions, for example dolmen experiencing various forms, which made for a spirit shrine or place offerings. Dolmen shrine that developed into among the people who have advanced megalithic used as a seat by chieftains or kings were still alive.

All human beings who live on this earth, have a desire to know all the ins and outs that exist in the natural surroundings, including our ancestors in ancient times that has not been influenced by the modern sciences. The more advanced the mind human, the deeper he plumbed the secrets of the natural surroundings and the wider the view the limit anyway. In contrast to humans who were alive at the thought of a simple nature, it is definitely the limit may be more narrow view of it.

What is described above that the gods, spirits and magic, not all worshiped and honored with affection, precisely there that intimidated them, thus encouraging human or our ancestors to pay their respects, for example, give offerings, victims, and others. With such actions, be they expected protected and not get hazard. Maybe once the deeds of our ancestors towards dunuia outside pancainderanya it, is the beginning of the development of their kepercayaandi. Apparently, the conception of 'magic' is more rooted in the old ethnic society in Indonesia.

Developments of religion on the island of Sumatra is the role of 'traditional way' which over the centuries since our ancestors know Hindu and Islamic culture. Traffic across the world that our homeland from all directions, a culture (cultuurroute) in the development of Indonesian culture. Even situated areas close to the pulse of the traffic, got in contact with a foreign culture, which almost always involves acculturation in Indonesia. Civilization is only a 'thin 'layer' on top of the original Indonesian civilization Austris pattern and a source of copyright in the role of Indonesian history over the centuries. The penetration of foreign culture has influenced Indonesia's role with the commercial world is following the path of Hindu civilization.

Through traditional commercial street via the Malacca and Sunda, so is the case with Islam entered into our country via Arab, India and Persia (Iran) merchants, howsoever caused not have to import it into the country, which then affects people's lives Indonesian nation and state in general, and especially in contact with coastal regions traversed ataun port or the trade route.

Sriwijaya empire collapse at the end of the XIV century and dilancarkanya expedition under Zheng Ming in the early 15th century in Southeast Asian waters arrival of the Portuguese who brought 'disease' crusade. 'Demak keratin' revolution that occurred in the 16th century, accelerating the process of Islamization in this area. Palembang as the first home of the founder of the kingdom of Raden Patah of Demak, Demak and recognizes the power of developing into a new expansion to the Islamic center as a powerful driving motors. The process of Islamization in the hinterland ('Uluan') is somewhat different than in the center of the kingdom, such as in the area of ​​Palembang, where the role of the preacher, priest, religious teachers, and pilgrimage-Hajj, is very important. In addition, the role of the Musi river with her children (Batang Sembilan) not less important, because the river is a means of communication at the time. With a river boat ride menghudik native preachers spreading the religion with persistent up to the hinterlands.

Sriwijaya navigation capabilities in the news Arabian history, narrated that Sriwijaya also entered trade relations by sea to the east coast of Africa in 1154 AD It is not surprising, because the trade overwater taken from Maluku alone is Sriwijaya eighth circle of the earth. The development of religion in this era embraced pendidikanya Hindu-Buddhist, Islamic, and Christian. How the development of these religions in the nineteenth century, can not know for sure, because of the difficulty getting transportation sources of the religion.

As we know, that the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in the days to 'state religion', so until now there is still a believer in small amounts in some areas, including in the city of Palembang itself. It shows a sign that in the nineteenth century, and the religion was still growing, up until now there are still adherents. Similarly, when entering Islam in Sumatra are able to influence the minds and trust of the population., Has been spread by the chaplain. It has shown us that in the nineteenth century Islam had lived and grown, and it has been embraced by the majority of the population on the island of Sumatra. Subsequently, in the mid nineteenth century the Christian religion flourished. But Christianity is generally supported by the entrants and smaller amounts of the Islamic faith.

After the run what is called 'Political Ethics' in 1900, the influence of western education (secularism) increased evenly among the superiors, and so are the rapid advances made by zending and mission in education, which is silent- silent get subsidies from the colonial Dutch, a great challenge for Islamic institutions in general nationalism, individualism and so are the particular characteristics of the western nations, which at the time was starting to get in the way of thinking among the educated natives who received education from the West.

Kuantan Community - Lubuk Jambi

Kuantan community and Kerinci society even inherit the same or similar myth to the people of Minangkabau, derived respectively in Lubuk Tambo and Tambo Natural Kerinci in Jambi. The second legend linking origin community with an oversized name Iskandar Zulkarnain, the same as listed in the Natural Tambo Minangkabau. What is different is the culture of the chapter who is the founder and creator of custom rules for each community.

Kuantan community believes that the Maharaja is the son of Alexander the Kings when he got on the island of Sumatra (Gold island), landing on the Hill Grill in upstream Batang Kuantan-Inderagiri  is on the edge, and then establish the Kingdom Kandis the palace named the Palace Dhamna. According to the Lubuk Kuantan, namely the legendary figure Minangkabau people, Datuk Perpatih Nan Sabatang and Katumanggungan just Patih and Prince Hero Member of the Royal Koto Alang, was a splinter empire upstream of Batang Kuantan is being attacked by Kandis larger kingdom. This Patih and Tumenggung fled to Mount Marapi, while the king fled to Jambi is to Muara Batang.

In the version of the Minangkabau people, the Maharaja of Kings landed directly on top of Mount Marapi after the seas long enough. Maharaja then set up the oldest villages in Minangkabau villages namely Pariangan on the south slope of Gunung Marapi.

Kerinci community

The same money, the people Kerinci also admitted linked to the Maharaja of Kings, except that they agreed with the story about "down from the top of the Mountain Marapi". Kerinci community just make branches own story by stating that his ancestors are Indarbayang, sailing directly from Mount Marapi to Mount Kerinci, but due to the rugged terrain that brought the ship finally docked at Mount Nettles. A stick figure Datuk Nan Perpatih  is also known in the Tambo Alam Kerinci. For the record, this actually Kerinci region already has a very old civilization that was developed by the Proto-Malay communities with megalithicum culture. Kerinci is one of four regions in Sumatra who had known characters. Growing in Kerinci script called incung script. Three other areas that have characters in Sumatra is Mandailing, Rejang and Lampung.

Immigrants from India

A hypothesis found that Minangkabau cultural affinity with Hellenism culture that developed in India after the conquest of the Indus River valley region by Alexander the Great. One trail that corroborate this hypothesis is the finding of similarity of nearly 90% from one carving patterns Minangkabau with one carving patterns that developed in Gandhara region. Shaped coil motif is the grape leaf motif that has existed since ancient Greece. Besides the names of the ancestors of the Minangkabau in Tambo is also identical to the typical Indian names. An example is the Maharaja and Indra Jelita.

Karo ethnic - Marga Sembiring

The roots of Indian culture is also found in the Karo, Pakpak and Mandailing ethnics. Karo ethnic especially Marga Sembiring is believed to come from Cheti and Tamil, India. In the book of constitution Pardosi dynasty, rulers of Barus, stated that the source of all sources of law in the kingdom comes from the indigenous Bugis, Cheti, Islam and others. In Barus alone we can easily find traces of Tamil culture, for example in the form of vocabulary such as marapulai, marble, mate, mahligai and so on (remember tomb mahligai in Barus). Sembiring clan itself has sub-clans with names such typical Tamil namely Brahmana, Pelawi, Depari, Maha, Pandia, Meliala and Cholia. Sembiring itself in the Karo original language means the 'black' (the 'mbiring') which refers to the physical characteristics of South Indian Tamil origin.

Pakpak ethnic 

In the northwest region of North Sumatra Province, dwells too ethnic Pakpak. Told in Pakpak history that their origin is from South India, from Indika Tondal to Tapus Estuari near Barus and growing in Pakpak land and into land parts. Basically since they already have a clan from the country of origin, but later formed a new clan that is not much different from the original clan.

Told that the early Pakpak ancestor is Kada and Lona who had left their villages in India and stranded on beach Barus and continue to enter to the Dairi land, have a child of their marriage, named Hyang. Hyang is a sacred name in Pakpak ethnic.

Role Barus City

Both ethnicity above that Karo ethnic - Marga Sembiring and Pakpak strongly associated with the role of Barus City on the west coast of North Sumatra near Sibolga now. Barus is an international trading city in the world which are well known in the east along the trade routes of China, Champa, India, Persia, Arabia to continue to 'Asia Kecil' (Turkey), Egypt and Rome. Barus city immediately brings us to the memory 'kampar' (camphor) in the Dutch language, perhaps of the spoken word lime kofur by the Arabs). Similarly, frankincense (beruoe in Dutch) probably from the Arabic word (lu) tire-ox or incense Sumatra.

Camphor and incense that was long ago exported from Barus addition to other outcomes such as gold, ivory and culabadak. But the most important camphor, because the commodity is what makes Barus City so famous in the world at that time. Barus camphor from the city is the most widely sought after because of the best quality, best-selling and the price is approximately 8 times more expensive than lime-camphor origin elsewhere. (Marco Polo never mentioned, the price of gold camphor as the same weight!). Imagine how advances in an area that holds the monopoly of a commodity (camphor and incense) are highly sought after "developed world" past both in Asia and northern Africa and probably in Greece.

A Dutch once wrote that the incense of Barus, has been used as one of the preserve (embalming) the bodies of the kings of Egypt before Christ. Because of the importance of this Barus City, since ancient times has been known in the world of trade names baros, balus, Pansur, Fansur, pansuri (from Pansur little village in the north of Barus), Kalasaputra (from the word Kalasan, camphor-producing areas between the Barus City  and Chenendang River), karpura-dwipa, barusai (by Ptolemy of Alexandria about the beginning of the solar year), hibiscus-Preferred and others.

Mandailing ethnic 

We switched to Mandailing ethnic inhabiting the southern part of the province of North Sumatra. Mandailing narrated Munda is derived from a region in Central India. They have moved on to a 6-century, as the nation was hit by an attack from Iraq Arayan expand their influence. After crossing the Himalayas they settled briefly in Mandalay, the Burmese ancient mother country. It is probable Mandalay name itself comes from Burma the word that follows the Mandailing accent.

Once again. move because they forced the tribal upheaval in Burma are often fought. At that time they crossed the Strait of Malacca, which at the time was not a big ocean, so it's understandable that at times certain areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula Land only separated by a small strait.

The Munda has triumphed across the small sea and established a kingdom in Batang Pane, Portibi, the incident allegedly occurred at the end of the century-6. Kingdom of  Munda Holing up in Portibi has become the renowned and extend his conquests to large partially coast of Sumatra and Malaya. This situation raises ire to the Maharaja and he attacked the  Rajenderacola royal Munda Holing and coastal stateother in 9th century. Munda Holing the royal army led by Raja Odap-Odap been killed by Rajenderacola and power throughout the Batang Pane region. His fiancee has crossed Dolok Malea (blessing Himalayan climb ancestors) Borudeakparujar by holding a lump of soil in Portibi to forge a new kingdom ('Manompa Banua').

Kingdom of Majapahit Assault to Mandala Holing 

The second kingdom in Sumatra founded in Pidoli Dolok recognized as royal Mandala means Holing people Rivet region. At that time they still worship the Hindu god Siva. In the 13th century, the Majapahit Empire has invaded into Lamuri and Mandailing. Once again this has been Mandala Holing kingdom on earth scorched and destroyed. Population in captivity can not have a run-forestry and mixed with native slang. Then formed Marga Pulungan means that 'cited-quote'. In the 14th century and the 15th, Marga Pulungan has established three Bagas Godang above three peaks Hill but the kingdom is no longer a huge empire, only the royal village.

Relations with the Pagaruyung Kingdom 

In the mid-14th century, there is a legend three children of Paga Ruyung lordship named Betara Sinomba, Batara Gorga Pinanyungan and the youngest daughter Langgoni who founded two kingdoms have been driven by new. The Batara Sinomba lordship of Paga Ruyung by mistake originated with his brother Princess Langgoni. Both the sisters had migrated along with his followers and established a kingdom in the city of Penang. Which in Pertuan Pinang City is what kings down to Kota Raja, ampung Raja and Jambi. Her sister Betara Gorga Pinanyungan justly found guilty by a cousin of his mother is Princess Rumandang next month. Because no longer the heir to the throne so princess betrothed to Raja Gayo.

Epilogue

That's the history of the people who inhabit the island of Sumatra. Starting with people who came from Proto-Malays of 'Rear Indies' during the period 4000 BC and prefers to stay in the mountains. Continued by his successors, namely Deutro Malay community who migrated from 500 BC to the early centuries AD, followed sporadically by immigrants from various parts of India like Gandhara, Chetiya, Munda, Indika Tondal and last Tamil. Even the people of Aceh is a society most of Tamil descent (outside Champa and Arabic). Proto-Malay communities leaving traces of high civilization to the size of the stone age as dozens of existing Menhir, Mahat, 'Limapuluh Koto', West Sumatra and the inscriptions are scattered in the Sick, Kerinci, and Jambi villages.

Now immigrants are not contemporaries that have been mixed and produced cross-culture that ultimately formed dozens of diverse cultures on the island of Sumatra. (EN)

Gandoang. June 23, 2014

(from various sources)

~o0o~

Ancestors of Mandailing people

"ANCESTORS OF MANDAILING PEOPLE

NOT FALL FROM THE SKY ?

By Edi Nasution

Lately, history Mandailing debate among many ranging. Mandailing questionable provenance, whether he is a clump with the Batak people, or people Mandailing derived from Coastal Pelayu nation, or further away from it, namely 'India Belakang' ('Rear India' or South East Asia). Mandailing past were not found in the text (notes) history, but after the Dutch came to Mandailing during the 'Padri War'.  

The origins of the Mandailing not from Samosir Island in Toba. This fact is based on the geographical location of the region Mandailing (called Tano Rura or Tano Sere), and the pattern of distribution of the population at the beginning of the infiltration of the Malay community in the megalithic period.

People do not like the Batak (Toba) in general that has the pedigree (called Tarombo) are clear, then the genealogy of the Mandailing should be somewhat blurred. This explains why the 'oldest clan' of 'original clan' comes from where. For example, no one knows for sure the origin of the clan Pulungan (in HutaBargot-Mandailing) where the groves of the pedigree of the Batak (Toba).

The origins of the Mandailing instead of 'land Toba' or 'Bataklanden' (called Tao Toba) is a different perspective, and the most sensible healthy. In comparison, for example, when Poland became independent from the Soviet Union, Poland made ​​national history to be taught in public schools. The goal for the Polish citizens love their own people. However, when history is rewritten with a new perspective, the historical record has changed. Of course, it makes the Russians to protest and also accused the Polish resistance deny the historical fact of the Soviet Union against Nazi Hitler (Germany).

The view that the origin of the Mandailing not from Toba land, not a historical fact deflection, as did Poland to the Soviet Union. The origins of the Mandailing people not from the land Toba have a scientific explanation is attractive for development. Why say interesting because lately many anomalies can be concluded that the origin of the plateau Mandailing instead of (ground) of Toba.

And most do not make sense to say that the origin of the Mandailing of Ompu Mulajadi  Nabolon so  coming down from the mountain top. The origins of the Mandailing definitely not like a fairy tale the Toba (Batak) as Si Boru Deak Parujar, Si Raja odap odap and other tales that make no sense. The origins of the Mandailing in history is the fact that makes sense and can no longer be deceived by the story that intentionally recorded by the Dutch colonial and missionary terms with politics and worldview of Orientalism in the first period.

Mandailing as an ethnic group (nation, before the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia),'ve got a very old civilization. The proof can be seen from the old graves in Mandailing, which is spread not far from the both Batang Gadis and Angkola rivers. Mandailing early graves are animists or dynamism before the advent of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity are included in the next Mandailing chronology.

Mandailing very first person (the ancestors) has long grave, and not infrequently a Mandailing has two graves, one for himself and the other is a treasure that is buried beside the grave. Mandailing people  pad originally had a pattern of burial (cemetery) different with burial in the Toba area. There, most people died not buried, but in semayamkan in a closed room. And it is still valid until now.

On the other hand, Tano Rura Mandailing had better soil fertility compared with Tao Toba in general, although it is not necessary to explain that the origin of the Mandailing not come from Toba. Mandailing got calls itself long before the Dutch came to Tano Rura or (Mandailing). When it is, Mandailing called Mandheiling, Mandala Holing or Mandahiling, it occurs in the Majapahit era. But is not that high culture and civilization emerged in the lowlands near rivers such as the Egyptian civilization in near sungai river, and Hindustan civilization in the Indus river.

Of course, customs or culture of the Mandailing have many differences with the Toba (Batak), which continues mengaami change (and also development) after the arrival of other nations (such as India Keling, Arabic, Chinese, and so on).

In terms of the spread of the human, the Mandailing not the same as the Toba (Batak), which at one time was not needed because of the spread of a point of land is so vast and the population is very small. Spreading clan of inland Toba occur in the next period. That is the explanation why many clans of people who have no connection with the clan in Toba, such as Siregar clan, is a clan "newcomer" in Tano Rura - Mandailing. Mandailing the geographical position of the region is fertile enough, it will not go far apart in the region steppa at Batang Gadis  and Angkola, except after the area has been explored by all the population. So, Mandailing ancestors did not come from the Tao Toba, on the contrary the Toba (Batak) derived from Tano Sere (Mandailing) is a logical conclusion. [EN]

Ancestral Cultural Heritage

Reviving the Culture Ancestor
of the Mandailing People

By Edi Nasution

The reality of a 'nation-state' which shows the condition of cultural and ethnic diversity, the government tends to take a policy to adopt the principle of 'multi-culturalism'. In the principle of 'multi-culturalism' no awareness that the 'nation-state' is not singular , but rather consists of many components that different.¹

In this world, Indonesia is one of the 'multi-cultural nation' largest. Various plurality in Indonesia consists of a diversity of social class, ethnicity. race, gender, and so on. This can be supported by the following data : (a) is a country that has a ± 13,000 islands; (b) the population of over 200 million;  (c) have a ± 656 ethnic groups; (d) has more than 360 local dialects; (e) diverse religion or belief in God Almighty (Soebadio, H., 1983; Yaqin, AM, 2005), and (f) Indonesia consists of 34 provinces. The living conditions of the multicultural society in the macro can be a motivating factor or otherwise as inhibiting the process of  'national development' in various fields (See Koentjaraningrat, 1982; Ihromi, TO, 1984).²

As an ethnic entity in Indonesia, People Mandailing quite widely known in the tribal diversity in the archipelago, particularly in North Sumatra as the place of origin and development of the tribal. In some parts of the Malay Peninsula, also known as nomads Mandailing. Mandailing many settled in the country since the 19th century. However, the introduction of a wide audience of people usually only limited Mandailing ethnic group, often confused as a sub-ethnic Batak. Differences of opinion on the question whether the Batak Mandailing or not is up to now still 'warm' in academic circles, the author of culture and also in the community, even among young people who argue quite exciting in the cyberspace.³

One of the main reasons that make people almost always defined Mandailing people as Batak is the fact that the publication of the Mandailing people and their culture is very little. The foreign writers since colonial times highlights the Toba Batak culture, and the authors generally have pre-assumptions and ideas that have been previously 'conceptualized' (preconceived ideas) about the distribution of the Batak tribe of six sub-tribes, including the one Mandailing. Subsequent writers, both foreign and indigenous, such classifications tend agrees without critically examines scientific reasons or arguments regarding this categorization. While the writings of Mandailing written by people in the past Mandailing generally in the form of romance, novels or short stories in the language ('Hata') Mandailing. They are the generation that most writers are directly or indirectly pupil of Willem Iskander (1862-1874), and education reformers thought Mandailing origin in the 19th century. In addition, there are also writings about the story of the origin of the clan, folklore ('turi- turian') and a description of Mandailing customs, most of which are still written in Mandailing.⁴

Accordingly, it is time for people to rebuild Mandailing, Mandailing understanding of the entity itself. Create understanding can be started from build 'awareness'  about the identity of Mandailing, namely Mandailing as a 'nation' with all the attributes of all its Mandailing. Awareness about the need inflamed Mandailing identity beforehand, so everyone expected back Mandailing have pride and courage to say anywhere and anytime: 'Mandailing people' . Instead of 'X Mandailing' or 'Mandailing Y' or any other designation. Because based on observations in recent decades, the case of pride and courage to declare the identity (all mandailing 's) has been eroded so much, so it needs to be confirmed back.⁵

To bring our memory back, far-away days before Mangaradja Ihoetan tale book "Riwajat Tanah Wakaf Bangsa Mandailing di Soengai Mati Medan" (1928: 4 ), has warned that: ⁶

“… toeroenan-toeroenan bangsa Mandailing... tahoe bagaimana djerih pajah bapa-bapa serta nenek mojangnja mempertahankan atas berdirinja kebangsaan Mandailing itoe. Dengan djalan begitoe diharap tiadalah kiranja mereka itoe akan sia-siakan lagi kebangsaannja dengan moedah maoe menghapoeskannja dengan djalan memasoekkan diri pada bangsa lain jang tidak melebihkan martabatnja”.

To reawaken 'Mandailing awareness of identity' of course we must understand that Mandailing is an entity  'nationality' that already exist in a very long historical span. Mandailing name has been mentioned at least since the 14th century in the book Negarakertagama. Each of us who has historical knowledge Mandailing should willing to share knowledge in order to track the history of Mandailing increasingly bright for the younger generations Mandailing on especially.⁷

Many versions of history and legend that we may know, that may not be in sync with each other. But most important for us in addressing the historical information that is putting an objective attitude and trying to find the facts anyway. For example, is the fact that the Mpu Prapanca has named Mandailing the 14th century associated with the Majapahit kingdom; was the fact that Mandailing geographically adjacent/ neighboring other names are also called Mpu Prapanca in his book; was the fact that there is no place in the region named Mandailing in 'Pusuk Buhit' (Toba), so that the associative relationship Mandailing with the legend of Toba questionable historical validity; was the fact that Mandailing is a geographical region that exists in the map of the earth and never inhabited and visited by many nations, and relic evidence they can still be shown; was the fact that the land has a wealth Mandailing congenital (eg 'gold' ) which is the reason many nations come to the land, is the fact that human beings with diverse backgrounds different origins, different races and religious beliefs different geographical areas once inhabited the named Mandailing; Mandailing is the fact that people are living now in the region if observed carefully still leaves the 'evidence' of the existence of a diverse mixture of race-diverse nation that ever inhabited the territory that.⁸

In connection with the above description, it would be appropriate if our understanding of Mandailing People should be built through an understanding that they are the result of the intermingling of many peoples who have lived in the geographical area Mandailing happens in the long sweep of history for centuries. Therefore, it does not seem appropriate if we always associate with the history of history Mandailing 'clans' that were there, let alone reducing it merely 'clans' as we know it; especially if it is with the dichotomy narrowed region Mandailing Julu and Mandailing Godang associated with the 'clan' Lubis and Nasution alone. Again, probably will be more striking if we define man as a result Mandailing intermingling of many nations who once inhabited the area for centuries Mandailing.

If we agree that the Mandailing is the result of the intermingling of diverse peoples, then we no longer ask for rejecting the argument purifikatif Batak people who say the Mandailing derived from Si Raja Batak descent. But here we do not need to discuss the invalidity arguments 'Tarombo Si Raja Batak'. But we want to point out, that the construction is not congruent with the historical Mandailing Batak historical construction as understood so far, ie as if the man Batak (including Mandailing in the conception of those who support it) is derived from a common ancestor named Si Raja Batak. Therefore, let us together learn the legend of the origin of the 'marga' or 'clan' in Mandailing, and we will find the fact that the ancestors of each clan are coming from different places, some from the east, there that of the west, but nothing fell from the sky like the Batak.⁹

People Mandailing who have the Lubis clan for example, although referring to the origins of their ancestors to 'Daeng Malewa' which is the Bugis, does not necessarily have to be canceled Mandailing recognition of himself as a person, because when the derivative Daeng Malewa generations have lived in the area Mandailing, they no longer identifies itself with the label 'Bugis', but has been merged into a part of the community Mandailing. Similarly with other clans, including the Tanjung clan for example the strong historical relationship with the Minangkabau. 'Tanjung' clan has long been part of the social system Dalian Natolu in a number of villages in Mandailing, so they are valid as Mandailing.¹⁰

The identity of 'nationality' should not Mandailing assosiated with ancestral together as being a model of Toba Batak people think the 'myth Si Raja Batak' famous. Similarly, Acehnese, Javanese, Malay, Sundanese, and others who Acehnese identity, Javanese, Malay and Sundanese they do not have to be referred to the respective one common ancestor. Is Acehnese declared invalid as a 'nation' of Aceh, or the Javanese as a 'nation' Java simply because they do not have a common ancestor figures ? ¹¹

Just to mention one only inconsistency or invalidity historical Si Raja Batak is, that on the one hand, the Batak mention their origin from Si Raja Batak leaders who are descendants of the 'manusia-dewa' and fell in Pusuk Buhit. But on the other hand, those authors also always associate that a Batak is a ramification of human migration that comes from the region of the Asian continent, whether classified as proto-Malay, Malay Deutro and so many bad since then. So, which one is correct ? Thankfully that people Mandailing knowledge we never call themselves descended from the 'manusia-dewa', but rather the result of the migration process can diveriifikasi validity history.¹²

With the understanding that human Mandailing it is basically the result of assimilation, as noted above, is valid if subsequently generas 'early-generation' citizens who live in the area past the Mandailing arrangement requires a life together that we call culture. Of course we are very difficult - and not just us, but all the people, too - since when determining Mandailing culture (following all the attributes that we still know it today) was formed ? This question is not a question is important and essential , because the essence of each culture is dynamic, not static. Therefore, it is important to understand is the fact that the Mandailing who initially lived in the geographical area called Mandailing already has a rich heritage of civilization, which if traced back seen from the number of ancient relics that prove his civilization them.¹³

Batak people have always argued that the remnants of ancient relics in Mandailing not inherited Mandailing, but the inheritance of the Hindu/Buddhist. Mandailing people, they said, came later to it, while the owner of the civilization that left the ancient buildings have been lost, surrendered, or vanished. There may be such a view, but it seems less plausible, because an open area like Mandailing which for centuries visited by people from different parts of the wind, surely human interact with each other, share knowledge, and therefore pass processes culture such as diffusion, acculturation and assimilation. Mandailing culture reflects the facts acculturative. Thus, we can see from the language, beliefs  social systems and their material culture. Writing  letter - 'surat tulak tulak' for example (the latter is called 'the Batak writing'), according to research and Uli Kozok and van Der Tuuk, it evolved from Mandailing to Toba, not vice versa. That is, the tradition of writing as a form of modernity, it comes from Mandailing and moving north. In addition, vocabulary is derived from the Sanskrit and Tamil languages ​​can be found in Mandailing, and it is also a historical fact with Mandailing closly related with Indian civilization, which is not only recorded in the language, but is also evident from the resence of the nation physically in the past Mandailing. Bisuk Siahaan, one of the authors Batak Toba, the  gentlemen' to admit that never found an inscription was in Toba region, which presumably could show ''evidence of the presence of physicists other nations in the region. Thankfully that Mandailing area has many ancient relics from the stone age to the time of the Hindu/Buddhist, which in part has been destroyed, abandoned, and so far it is still a 'legacy dumb' because it has not been widely scientific studies.¹⁴

Mandailing people have their own language that 'Hata Mandailing', or more commonly called 'Saro Mandailing'. In addition to having its own language, the ethnic Mandailing also has its own script called 'surat tulak-tulakt' (not the Batak alphabet). Although the Mandailing has its own alphabet, but do not use to record or write their history. In addition to write 'tarombo' ('family tree'), the script used to record a lot of medicine and science of forecasting in the 'traditional book' called 'pustaha'. Therefore, up to now not found Mandailing historical records written by the 'surat tulak-tulak'. Matters relating to past Mandailing only recorded as 'oral history' of past stories that are sometimes spoken by the people who still remember Mandailing. There is also a  'pustaha' made of 'laklak' ('bark') folded, and some are made from a section or several sections of bamboo. 'Pustaha' made of bark folded it usually contains spells and traditional ways of healing. There was also containing astrology (a kind of astrology), the science of fortune telling and the occult sciences. While 'pustaha' made of one or more joints of bamboo usually containing 'tarombo' .

According to Harry Parkin, in his book entitled 'Batak Fruit of Hindu Thought' (1978:102), that date was recorded as the date of first 'pustaha' obtained a collector is the only evidence of age 'pustaha'. On May 18, 1746, Alexander Hall handed the 'pustaha' to the British Museum. That 'pustaha' oldest ever known. In the same book Harry Parkin also explained that the 'style' used in writing 'pustaha' was called 'hata poda' (variety of language advisory). This means that all 'pustaha' (owned by various ethnic groups in North Sumatra, as Mandailing, Angkola, Toba, Simelungun, Karo, and Pakpak) uses a similar style. The language styles, according to P. Voarhoeve (1955), is an ancient language variety from the South (Mandailing). 'Pustaha' from other areas , such as Toba, Simelungun, Karo, and the consortium, written in a language that is not purely ethnic groups, but is written with a variety of 'hata poda' mixed with ethnic language.¹⁵

Thus the fact that it supports the conclusions reached as a result of comparison of the writings of various idioms that the language used to write 'pustaha' get aksaranya from the 'south' (Mandailing). Variety 'hata poda' associated with the occult sciences are dominated by the 'datu' presents a variety of linguistic problems . Each 'datu' have 'term' or 'system abbreviation' own language. Each magic has its own terminology that is not used in everyday language, so it is not generally understood. Usually only 'datu' responsible for writing 'pustaha', and which can give a full and clear explanation of the contents of 'pustaha'.¹⁶

A comparison of the script that has the equations used to write 'pustaha', along with the fact that the 'hata poda' is an ancient language diversity of the 'south' (Mandailing) gives a hint of the development pattern of the South to the North. Fill 'pustaha' show an interest that is clearly against the concept of 'megicoriligious' (magic-religious concept) .¹⁷

Harry Parkin (1978:101) adds, that "the script into the area of Mandailing Toba. From Toba road forked path around the lake, one branch moving into Simelungun, and the other branch enters the Dairi, and from there went back Karo. This happens gradually and naturally ... " . While other Western scholars is Uli Kozok in his book "Warisan Leluhur, Sastra dan Aksara Batak"(1999: 61-79 ) also illustrates the distribution of 'surat tulak tulak' of Mandailing to the North (as depicted in a map) .¹⁸

If the use of 'surat tulak tulak' is used as a sign of age in the history of Mandailing, we also do not know at all when it's time citizens entis Mandailing use the script. That means that we do not know when people started to initiate era Mandailing history.¹⁹

It may not be wrong if history Mandailing we begin by talking about the era in Indonesian Hindus or Hindu era in Mandailing. Because we know that the Hindu nation come to Indonesia, including Mandailing, have a script. In this connection, there are some opinions (theories) which says that the ethnic scripts contained in this archipelago, including the 'surat tulak tulak', derived from the Hindu script called 'Pallava script', 'Dewa Nagari' and 'Kala Nagari'.²⁰

If we accept this argument then we can say that the era of history in Mandailing ranging from early centuries AD. Because at this time that the Hindus of India began to enter into Mandailing, which is between the first century BC and the fifth century. Because in the 2nd century AD the Hindus of India began to busy looking for gold because gold supplies to India at that time started stopped due to the occurrence of major unrest in the Central Asian nation due to the invasion of the Huns and the Tar Tar and nation Mongol.²¹

We know that the Hindu nation called the island of Sumatra as 'Swarna Dwipa' ('Golden Island') which is the goal of Hindu India at the time they were trying to find gold. On the island of Sumatra, Mandailing region - which in ancient times including Pasaman region - rich with 'sere' (gold). From ancient times to the present, Mandailing called 'Tano Omas Sigumorsing' or 'Tano Sere' which means 'Golden Land'. [EN]

 Gandoang, January 12, 2014.

FOOTNOTE

1.  Therefore ' multi-cultural education' very urgent created in the educational curriculum. In this case,  the National Council for Social Studies (Gorski, 2001) proposed a number of functions that show the importance of the existence of a 'multi-cultural' between other education, namely: (i) giving a clear self-concept, (ii) help to understand the experience ethnic and cultural groups in terms of history; (iii) help to understand that the conflict between the ideal and the reality that exists in every society; (iv) help develop decision -making ( decision making) , social participation and citizenship skills (citizenship skills), and (v) recognize the diversity in language use.

2. In the book "Politics, Language, and Culture : A Critical Look At School Reform", Joseph Check (2004) posed an interesting question about the curriculum in the education system. Can the education system of a country through its curriculum load to avoid questions about the issue of race, language, and culture, and can achieve a high interpretation ? "Very serious question invites us to answer that is not possible it seems we avoid such issues as far as the issue of equity (equity) remained higher education, access (access) and quality (quality) education is still low. To address the inequities that one of them by creating or inserting the agenda of cultural and ethnic diversity within the national education curriculum. According to Ronald Ferguson (2002) and the response approaches a very large cultural influence on children's achievement in school, especially menyengkut attitudes and behaviors of students in view of the difference. See Ahmad Baedowi, "Cultural Diversity and Ethnic In Charge of Education curriculum", http://www.bit.lipi.go.id/masyarakat-literasi/index.php/component/content/article/62 3 ? joscclean = 1 & comment_id = 391, accessed date.December 12, 2013.

3. Zulkifli B. Lubis , "Contribution of Culture Revitalization Mandailing For Thought" , http://mandailing-ni-mandailing.blogspot.com/ accessed date , December 12, 2013 .

4. Ibid.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Z. Pangaduan Lubis, "Mandailing Dalam Lintansan Sejarah", http://www . mandailing.org/ind/rencana18.html , accessed date, December 12, 2013.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.