Mandailing Culture (4)

MANDAILING CULTURE: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

By Edi Nasution

‘DALIAN NA TOLU’ AS SOCIAL SYSTEM OF MANDAILING PEOPLE

Every society has a structure which is followed and obeyed by its citizens to prosper. Order was based on the philosophy of life which is the highest value and the sublime (an abstract) of the community itself. Similarly with indigenous communities have Mandailing - custom (culture) which is based on the 'core values​​' that have been imprinted in the hearts of every member of 'olong’ (‘affection’), which arises from the depths of the deepest and the deep thinking anyway. If 'olong' has intecration among them, there arose a society 'marsiolongan-olongan'. Furthermore, if people have 'marsiolongan-olongan', then the resulting also the people who feel they have a sense of unity (called 'domu’). Thus, 'olong dohot domu' can not be separated from one another, because 'olong mangalap Olong' cause 'domu'. To be 'domu' be maintained in the community, then every member of society must be imbued with the sense of 'olong’.

Interaction 'olong' causing 'domu' it will bring 'parsaulian', so the realization of 'olong maroban domu', and 'domu maroban persaulian'. In this case, 'olong dohot domu' that is the basic philosophy (‘filosofie grondslag’) from Mandailing community, which is the source of all sources in the public order act. To implement the 'olong dohot domu' for real (concrete) in the social life Mandailing or in organizing various traditional ceremonies, whether they are ‘siriaon’ ('joy') and that is ‘siluluton’ ('sorrow'). Therefore, we need a The specific institution called 'DalianNa Tolu' as a social system of Mandailing people.

Mandailing the kinship system is 'patrilineal', and kinship relationships can be evaluated based on blood ties and marriage are patterned. In this case, the Mandailing group themselves into three groups of kinship on which the basis for a variety of socio-cultural activities. According to their customs, kinship three groups respectively located as 'mora' ie giver girls, 'anak boru', is the recipient of girls, and 'kahanggi' is a group of relatives of the 'clan'. All three are closely bound to one another by the functional relationships in a social system which has three support (mora, kahanggi, and anak boru) is. By using a social system (Dalian Na Tolu) that, Mandailing people organize and implement various socio-cultural activities as well as forming a legal partnership ('adattrechts gemeenschap') whose real name is Mandailing Testament language. In addition to the above three groups of kinship, the kinship group Mandailing also recognize the other as an additional kinship group was also derived from three core kinship groups, namely 'mora ni mora' and 'pisang raut'. 'mora ni mora' is the 'mora' rather than 'mora' , and 'pisang raut’' (sometimes also called a 'kijang Jorat') is a child rather than the ‘anak boru ni  anak boru’. In addition there is also a kinship group called 'kahanggi pareban', ie kin group consisting of several different nuclear family 'clan' but equally a 'anak boru ' of a family of specific clan.

Based consanguinity are kin group called 'saompu parsadaan' (the grandfather shared), 'saompu' (the grandfather),  ‘sabagas', 'saudon' and 'saama-saina'. Kin group called 'saompu' is a collection of people a clan who was a grandson of the few people whose grandparents siblings (brother and sister); 'sabagas' is a collection of some of the children as siblings genera; 'saudon' is a collection of people people a clan who was a granddaughter of an old man, and 'saama-saina' is a collection of some of the children from the father and mother pairs, in which does not include stepchildren and adopted children.

According Z. Pangaduan Lubis (1986), 'olong' (affection) is Mandailing cultural values ​​are the highest and most abstract is the basis for a functional relationship between the three groups of kinship, blood ties born of the marriage relationship as the core and the lives of the three groups of kinship. So philosophically Mandailing people each integrated into kinship groups 'mora', 'kahanggi', and 'anak boru' which bound the functional relationship always put themselves as people who 'sahancit sahasonangan' and 'sasiluluton sasiriaon' (pain and felt pleased with). As a consequence of such a philosophical view of it is that the Mandailing be 'sahata saoloan satumtum sapartahian' (fused in a unanimous consensus to agree) and 'mate mangolu sapartahian' (life and death in a consensus to agree).

Furthermore, Pangaduan Lubis explained that in line with the creation of an ideal social system in the form of ‘large network", then the philosophical-symbolic Mandailing to pattern himself as a 'net' form equilateral triangles. Every corner is a vital position in the rights and obligations of each group kinship. Therefore the peak placed at an angle of descent groups 'mora', and the two other angles are also placed kinship groups 'kahanggi' and 'anak boru'. Position three can be switched at any time due to the practice of marriage and marital relations is precisely what creates the sides are stretched to link all three to form the basic pattern of socio-cultural life of the Mandailing a large triangle. It is functionally integrated in a large number of triangles group into small kinship follow a basic pattern that becomes a reference. As a totality, the big triangle with a triangles-small which becomes transformed into a system of Dalian Na Tolu contents. As is the case with a 'mesh', around the rigging network united by a rope from a binding handle peak. According to the philosophy of the Mandailing, 'cord grip' that 'olong' that unites each group Mandailing kinship and community members in a social system that Dalian Na Tolu, which is a philosophical-symbolic as follows:

In addition to the kinship group that has been stated above, according to anthropologistZulkifli B. Lubis (1988), there are also other types of grouping, which is what is commonly called 'koum-sisolkot'. The term 'koum-sisolkot' is formed from two words, namely 'koum' and 'sisolkot', each of which has meaning in the context clasificatoris kinship system. 'Koum' is referenced by a kinship term marital relationship, while 'sisolkot' referenced by consanguinity. Therefore, people who have the same clan (called ‘sakahanggi’) is also commonly referred to as 'marsisolkot'. While the definition of 'koum' include more members and a broader scope because it is integrated in the kinship group 'mora', 'kahanggi ' and 'anak boru', a close neighbor and so forth. Having regard to the term 'koum-sisolkot' that preceded the word 'koum' and not vice versa, perhaps this is not happening by chance and without any particular meaning contained therein. If it is assumed that "language to determine the pattern of culture", it is possible that the term 'koum-sisolkot' is reflection of cultural patterns, or at least there are values ​​which are rooted in the culture of the Mandailing customs, so it can be assumed that "the mandailing in many ways no more priority 'sisolkot' her in life, but more put ‘koum’ the socio-psychological and territorial closer to him".

In everyday life people often utter a word Mandailing which is closely associated with various aspects of their lives, the 'dalian'. The word 'dalian' as a concept (elementary and fundamental formulation) refers to a group of symptoms or facts that exist in society Mandailing, which can be observed either directly or indirectly (abstract).

In Mandailing a boy called by name as 'lian' or 'dali', is short for the word 'dalian'. When parents send their sons to do various things , for example, to draw water from their wells , the father or mother will say : "Lian, buat jolo aek sian sumburta i e...!" ("Son, take the first water from wells we were"). Nickname 'lian' is actually not only used by his parents to call the boys of their own. Other people who are older than the boy can call or address him by the name of 'lian'. Although a man old enough age , he can still be called by the name of 'lian' by people whose age was older than him. But on the contrary, a man will not call another man whose age is much older than him as 'lian' because it was not worth doing.

In daily life there are times when a person expresses his frustration to a friend or his brother, saying: "Na bahatan dabo si dalian mu, uboto dei" ("a lot of reasons, it's him I" ). The emergence of a sense of frustration that his friends or relatives, for example because it does not go nevertheless willing to grant his request by always looking for reasons or excuses that do not make sense. For example, someone wants to borrow some money to a friend, many times he repeated his request when they met, but it does not give her a variety of reasons that are likely making it up, so it makes it irritated and angry, and go out, swear it.

As a human being by nature live in pairs that are born with different sex, the opposite sex 'si lian' is a girl called 'si taing', is abbreviation of the word 'tataring'. Mandailing people in the house called 'bagas' or 'aratak', generally 'tataring' placed in the kitchen of the house at the rear portion. Construction of 'tataring' rectangular made ​​of boards as walls and floors, the inside is filled with soil evenly and densely. While the form of the jib poles made ​​of wood, and placed on the under firewood. On the ground that it laid flat and dense stone with three triangular position called 'dalian', and on top 'dalian' that's the housewife (also called 'induk ni tataring’ ) put the 'udon tano' (‘pot’) to cook the rice.

The third addition to the above fact, the word 'dalian' was also found in the term Dalian Na Tolu in Mandailing community as a social system. In this case, the meaning of 'dalian' is the 'cornerstone' or 'resting place'. So 'Dalian Na tolu' means 'pedestal three ' or ' three poundation', ie 'mora', 'kahanggi' and 'anak boru'. Mandailing people embracing patrilineal (patrilineal), the ‘foundation' for future offspring is a boy ('si lian' or 'si dali'). So if the nuclear family had no sons to meneruskaan descent, the nuclear family will break the offspring, which in Mandailing called 'punu' . [EN]