Mandailing history (2)

A Piece of Mandailing history (2)

Exodus from Munda, India

Mandailing narrated Munda is derived from a region in Central India. They have moved on to a 6-century, as the nation was hit by an attack from Iraq Arayan expand their influence. After crossing the Himalayas they settled briefly in Mandalay, the Burmese ancient mother country. It is probable Mandalay name itself comes from the word that follows the accent Mandailing Burma.

Once again they were forced move because the tribal upheaval in Burma are often fought. At that time they crossed the Strait of Malacca, which at the time was not a big ocean, so it's understandable that at times certain areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula Land only separated by a small strait.

The Munda has triumphed across the small sea and established a kingdom in Batang Pane, Portibi, the incident allegedly occurred at the end of the century-6. Kingdom of Holing up in Portibi Munda has become the renowned and extend his conquests to large to partially coast of Sumatra and Malaya. This gives rise to a state of anger, then he (Maharaja Rajenderacola) would attack the Munda Holing kingdom and coastal state other in 9th century. The Munda Holing kingdom army led by Raja Odap-Odap been killed by Rajenderacola and power throughout the region Batang Pane. His fiancee has crossed by Si Boru Deak Parujar in Dolok Maela (blessing Himalayan climb ancestors) by holding a lump of soil in Portibi to forge a new kingdom ("Manopa Banua").

Kingdom of Majapahit Mandala Holing and Assault

The second kingdom established in Pidoli Dolok-Sumatera recognize as royal Mandala means Holing people Rivet region. At that time they still worship the Hindu god Siva. In the 13th century, the Majapahit Empire has invaded into Lamuri and Mandailing. Once again this has been Mandala Holing kingdom on earth scorched and destroyed. Population in captivity can not have a run-forestry and mixed with the slang nature. Then formed Highways Pulungan means that in 'quotes-quotes'. In the 14th century and the 15th, Highways Pulungan has established three Bagas Godang above three peaks Hill but the kingdom is no longer a huge empire, only the royal village.

Relations with the Kingdom Pagaruyung

In the mid-14th century, there is a legend of three Pagaruyung children. The Fence lordship named Batara Sinomba, Ratu Rumondang Ni Bulan and the youngest Betara Langgoni Gorga Pinanyungan who founded two kingdoms baru. Batara Sinomba been expelled by a Pagaruyung the lordship of the fault begins with his sister Batara Langgoni. Both the sisters had migrated along with his followers and established a kingdom in the city of Penang. Which in Pertuan Pinang City is what kings down to Kota Raja, Bilah Kampung Raja and Jambi.

Her sister Batara Gorga Pinanyungan found guilty in fair to come into force next to his mother's cousin is Ratu Rumondang. By because no longer the heir to the throne so princess betrothed to Raja Gayo.

When Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan taken away to Gayo he has brought an bunches of ripe areca nut and planted the grain on each time the group ride off a cliff so thath up in the river. In the Raja Tebing river has given birth to a boy and a mighty valiant. When the group wants to continue his journey to Gayo then came the lightning and thunder were so terrible until they can not camp in the open. That's how so seven times the experiment. Finally a Datu had informed the child that let abandoned on a rock under a tree where he was born his deep sena son would become a great king there.

Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan eluctant son left because he wanted to die with her, when Raja Gayo later found that he was no longer a virgin. In these circumstances radiated the rainbow then seven Bunian reearch followed by Mangala Bulan god of Heaven. The daughter of the store into the adjacent river and bathed with growing Sena flowers. When out of the river in found stomachs indicates the Raja had given birth to no longer visible. So in the name of the river recognize as "Aek Batang Gadis" means, restore river water girl/virgin.

Children are left under the tree Sena has been met by an entourage of Sultan Pulungan hunting, then dipunggutnya. Children who are raised in cages under the house has finally managed to escape and establish a kingdom and later defeated Sultan Pulungan. The child who identify as Sibaroar namely in cages under house eventually became a great king in Panyabungan. Because the king Penyabungan hidden in his mother then known as the royal kingdom be called "Mande Nan Hilang", in short Mandailing or Mandehilang. He also is 'pengasas'/enforcement Highways Nasution, meaning the magic.

When the story is in the title of greatness Sibaroar Sutan Diaru spread far into the Pagaruyung kingdom. The Pagaruyung kingdom lordship was fond Rumandang Ni Bulan Pregnant Daughter brought to Gayo. Raja and his entourage departed follow any nut trees that had been planted by a former lover that came up on the banks of river that in the call "Aek Batang Gadis" and then brought to the Sultan Diaru facep in Penyabungan.

After lengthy storytelling and caregivers who named Sisauwa have shown a yellow silk cloth that wrapped nut ripe Sutan Diaru when the Raja found under a sena tree in "Aek Batang Gadis" with aguk along worn by his mother Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan. Then the Yang Di Pertuan will out Fence Pagaruyung, that Raja Sutan Penyabungan is his son. The entire contents of the land rejoiced, and Sutan Diaru was in tabalkan is Rasmi as Raja Penyabungan. At the same time representatives from Penang city has come to Panyabungan to invite The lordship Fence Pagaruyung his brother there to meet that you have not met. The lordship then said, "Beta tetap akan mengunjungi kekanda beta di Kota Pinang," so it was on this day in the Pinang city recognize as 'Tanah Abang', and recognize as Panyabungan at Land's sister, blessing Betara Sinomba event invites his sister Betara Gorga Pinanyungan in order Raja Panyabungan came to Pinang town although his sister has a larger empire in Pagaruyung. 

Kingdom of Sibaroar @ Sutan Diaru in Panyabungan finally mastered the whole wide thrive Mandailing Godang very fertile soil.

19th century ie around 1916, under the leadership of Padri army, Tuanku Imam Bonjol have delegate Raja Gadumbang Porang or more in recognized as Mandailing lord to Islamize Land Mandailing. Padri army has entered into Mandailing through the estuary and Muara Sipongi, Panyabungan in early 1816. The Netherlands also entered Mandailing the later around 1835, this has resulted in many of the Raja-raja Mandailing against and forced to retreat and cross the Strait of Melaka and continue to settle in Malaya.

Displacement Mandailing People

People Mandailing army former chief cleric has played an important role in the course of history in the country namely Tanah Melayu escape. Names like Tuanku Tambusai , Raja of Origin, Raja Laut and Sutan Naposo recorded in the throes of civil war in the history of Pahang and Selangor. 

Displacement of the Mandailing began a long time, which are due to family misunderstandings, lost or runaway or fugitive war you indulge various customary or legal errors. Fall Panyabungan of 1816 and into the hands Padri army movement Mandailing Land Islamize the next. There is such in the conductance to the Peninsula. But the most striking displacement stems from a rollicking as a slave/servant and in whom fled with their families to seek a safer place to live.

During the Padri War

Raja Gadumbang Porang attacks or Mandailing with Tuanku army vicar is not so pressing but if my lord Mangraja Lelo Panyabungan barrage attack and hunt down the Huta Siantar with his lordship; rollicking murder has forced residents were largely Mandailing fled to Malaya, circa 1816-1832. There is also among the kings who followed Mandailing-Padri army like Patuan Maga, Baginda Sidursat and others have opposed my Tuanku Lelo. Under the leadership of some people Tuanku Mandailing warlord faction lord vicar finally attacked Padang Sidempuan and Tuanku Lelo in killed him. One of the Mandailing king's sons, named Jahurlangyang by title Tuanku Bosi is Patuan Maga a child to have accompanied the Tuanku Imam Bonjol before the fall of the fortress Mulberry. He was entrusted by Tuanku Imam Bonjol to keep Bonjol landscape in 1837 - when he was negotiating with the Dutch.

Jahurlang or Tuanku Bosi given a sword belonging to Al-malik and Tuanku Rao fall victim in Air Bangis as a sign to take over the leadership in Bonjol. Landscape Bonjol's unfortunate you indulge untenable Netherlands army strength, eventually with his Tuanku Bosi forced retreated to Fort Dalu Dalu.

Seeing a sword in the hands of Al-Malik Tuanku Bosi, then Tuanku Tambusai had planned his retirement with his followers and Fort Dalu Dalu submitted to Tuanku Bosi. Tuanku Tambusai king lord accompanied by origin, Abdullah Zawawi (son to the Tuanku Bosi) who later on identify as the Raja Laut left with their followers to Tanah Melayu. Dalu-Dalu fortress fell to the Dutch in 1838. Tuanku Bosi also fall victim after being seriously wounded in the battle.

Tuanku Tambusi, the Raja of origin and the Raja Laut ded in Melaka Lukut and went to find somewhere to stay. Not long after the Raja Laut was ordered back to Sumatra to look for saki baki army vicar for revenge attacks against the Dutch set. Origin king left his deep Lukut there is little commotion there, he went to open Kelang Tin. Ore Mines around the year 1843. Tuanku Tambusai looking for a place to stay isolated in Negeri Sembilan and settled there. Raja Laut repeatedly shuttled between Sumatra and Malaya while attacking merchant ships Netherlands, Britain, China and India are crossing the strait of Melaka. Thus he is called Raja of the Sea. (EN)

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Gandoang. Juny 22, 2014

(from various sources)

Mandailing Culture (2)

MANDAILING CULTURE: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

By Edi Nasution

ORIGIN 'NAME' OF THE ‘MANDAILING’

A number of legends that contain elements relating to the history and origins of 'marga' (clan) of the Mandailing people, are still living in the community Mandailing, as legend Namora Pande Bosi and Si Baroar that written by WillemIskander - century 18. But such a legend does not provide information regarding the history of significant Mandailing. In some historical records such as the ‘Porang Paderi’ (Padri War) history compiled by M. Radjab (1964), there is mention of the Mandailing Mandailing and involvement in the ‘Porang Paderi’. The historical record is simply related to the Mandailing community in the 18^th century and the beginning of the entry of the Dutch into Mandailing. But what about the history or circumstances Mandailing community in previous centuries there is no record of writing.

Based on existing records, the following briefly outlines the origins of the 'name' and 'existence' Mandailing people, as follows:

1. The Legend of 'Mandala Holing'

According to one oral stories (folklore) are still alive in the midst of society Mandailing until now, the 'Mandailing' word is derived from the 'Mandala Holing' word, is a kingdom which is estimated to have existed since the 12th century. Coverage Mandala Holing empire stretching from Portibi estimated in Padang Lawas up to 'Pidoli' in Panyabungan (Mandailing Godang).

In this connection, in Simangambat (not far from Siabu), there are the ruins of the temple of Shiva (Hindu), which is estimated to have existed since the 18^th century. The temple (called 'cai') is much older than the temples in Portibi (Padang Lawas), but according to estimates by experts built in the 11^th century. With the existence of this temple can raise the question of why and when the Ummah Hindu (hereinafter referred to as 'Hindus') of India came into Mandailing located in Sumatra, which they named Swarna Dwipa (Golden Island)?

It is probable that the Hindus came to Mandailing located in Swarna Dwipa is to look for gold. In the history of India, there is a statement that says that around the first century AD, gold supplies are imported into India from Central Asia stalled, as in Central Asia occurred various wars. Therefore, the kingdoms in India are trying to get gold from other places, from Sumatra (Swarna Dwipa). In this connection, we understand that in the region Mandailing which in the past to the present in it including Pasaman region there are a lot of gold. The evidence on this matter an awful lot. So huge possibility that the destination by the Hindus of India to look for gold in Swarna Dwipa is Mandailing area. At that time this area has not been named 'Mandailing'. But whatever its name when it was not known until now.

Hindus who came to the area Mandailing is derived from the country or the kingdom of Kalingga in India. Hence they are called 'alak holing' or 'alak koling. There is a possibility of them entering the area Singkuang. Because that is where Singkuang boils down to Batang Gadis ('Bayang Gadis' word means 'to trade places') river quite well known as a port. That is why the place is called 'Singkuan' by Chinese traders which means 'new hope'. Because through this port they used to obtain various merchandise (commodity) important that originated from Sumatra such as resin, camphor, elephant ivory, and so on.

According to the allegations that after the 'alak k(h)oling' arrives in Singkuang, then they follow the river upstream towards Batang Gadis river. Thus, they end up in a low-lying fertile region which is now Mandailing Godang. Since prehistoric times in the region and elsewhere in Mandailing natives already there. This is evidenced by the presence of relics from prehistoric times in the form of 'a large stone mortar-mortar' in the woods around Runding across the Batang Gadis river and other evidence at various places. And one fish that is quite famous in 'Batang Gadis' named 'mera'.

When 'alak k(h)oling' up in the Mandailing Godang (then also we do not know the name of the region), they met with the local indigenous population. Naming 'alak k(h)oling' used to refer to the Hindus who came from ‘Kalingga Affairs’ was created by the indigenous population . Upon arrival in the area Mandailing, the ‘k(h)oling’ such find what they are looking for, namely gold. We know from history that the gold was recorded as one of the main capital in the establishment of large kingdoms and gold are also a source of prosperity. After Hindus find a lot of gold in the current Mandailing, they then settled in the region. Because the ‘k(h)oling’ settled in the area, then called Mandala Holing/Koling. Mandala means neighborhood or region. So, Mandala Holing/Koling means neighborhood or residential area the k(h)oling. Until now we still often hear mention of the existence of 'Banua Holing/Koling'. But people do not know where the place is called 'Banua Holing/Koling' it.

Based on the above hypothesis, we can say that the so-called 'Banua Holing/Koling' it is Mandailing area formerly occupied by the ‘k(h)oling’. In other words, 'Banua Holing/Koling' is 'Mandala Holing/Koling'. Centuries later 'Mandala Holing/Koling' known as the 'Kingdom of Holing'. In this connection, Slamet Mulyana (1979) argues that trade and diplomatic relations between China and Java take place starting from the establishment of 'Kingdom of Holing' at the beginning of the 7^th century until the collapse of the Majapahit Empire in the early 16^th century. In line with this statement Slamet Mulyana (1979) we can see the relationship between the 'Kingdom of Holing' with the Shiva temple in Simangambat were awakened in the 8th century. And also it can be argued that from the historical records mention the existence of the ‘Kingdom of Kalingga' and 'Kingdom of Holing'. But until now historians have not determined the exact location where definitive. There are historians who suspect that the 'Kingdom of Kalingga' is located in East Java, but the 'Kingdom of Holing' that was mentioned in the Chinese records the exact location is unknown. Because it can be questioned whether the 'Kingdom of Kalingga' is also called 'Kingdom of Holing'. With arguments that have proposed above, we propose the alleged (hypothesis) that the so-called 'Kingdom of Holing' was formerly located in Mandailing which is also referred to as the 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing/Koling'. It would be reasonable to suspect that the name 'Mandahiling' (Mandailing) as mentioned by Mpu Prapanca in the Negarakertagama book the 14^th century derived from the name 'Mandalaholing' which later changed into a mention of 'Mandahiling' and finally now a 'Mandailing'. To prove the truth of this conjecture or hypothesis would still need to do research. And this is a challenge for  Mandailing people.

Anticipated Hindus settled in 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing' ('Kingdom of Holing'/'Banua Holing') is rich with gold for centuries, ie since they first came in the first centuries AD. Until the 13th century the Hindus still exist who settled in Mandailing present. This is evidenced by the discovery of quite a lot of relics of Hindu/Buddhist in Mandailing region. One of them is the 'rock pile' in Sorik Merapi mountain in 13^th century, and in the Mandailing Godang (Pidoli) there is a rice field location called 'Saba Biara'. As for the so-called 'convent’ or 'monastery' is where the first Hindu - Buddhist religious activities.

Supposedly 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing' which had once contained in Mandailing which now extends to Pasaman region (which formerly was part of the Mandailing). According to information obtained in Pasaman ever, the boundary between regions Mandailing and Minangkabau region located in ‘Si Pisang’ through ‘Palupuh’, but now the boundary between Pasaman and ‘Lima Puluh Koto’ district. Pasaman region, ie at a place called ‘Tanjung Medan’ near Rao are also similar circumstances temple to temple in Portibi. And we know that in the region there are also gold Pasaman required by Hindus. If no one in the area named Manggani. And in that region there is also a gold mine in the Dutch colonial period.

2. 'Tonggo-Tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar'

In addition to the Kakawin Negarakertagama, the name 'Mandailing' has also been mentioned in the 'Tonggo-Tonggo Si BoruDeak Parujar', namely Toba-old literary classic. 'Tonggo-tonggo' (classical literature) consists of 10 (ten) Article Toba society as a philosophy of culture, and it is quite dense (see: Batara Sangti simanjuntak: 1977) as follows:

"Baen ma gondang ni Ompunta, Tuan Humara-Hiri, Si Humara Naboru, par-aji tamba-tua, par-aji pulung-pulungan; sinonduk ni Ompunta Sibaso Nabolon, na marsigantung ditali siubar, na meat di mombang boru".

"Sian tano hondur, tano malambut, tano hulambu jati, sian tano padang bakkil bandailing, tano siogung-ogung; parsirangan ni tano, pardomuan ni aek; Sian i ma dalan laho tu ginjang, partiatan ni Ompunta: Debata Natolu Suhu, Naopat Harajaon tu banua tonga on".

Disi ma parangin-anginan ni Ompunta 'Siboru Deakparujar', sideak uti-utian, sigodang ujar-ujaran:

1.    Na manjadihon       :  ’Gana na so boi tolonan, bulan naso boi oseon’

2.     Sian i ma mula ni      :    ’Dung-dang’

3.     Mula ni                      :    ’Sahala’

4.     Mula ni                      :    ’Harajaon’

5.     Mula ni                      :    ’Gantang tarajuan, Hatian pamonari’

6.     Mula ni                      :    ’Pungga si sada ihot’

7.     Mula ni                     :    ’Ninggala sibola tali’

8.     Sian i ma mula ni      :    ’Boli ni boru muli dohot si namot ni anak

9.     Mula ni                      :    ’Goar ni bao na so boi dohonan’

10. Nunga disihataon i :    ’Di ninggor ni ruma, dipagohan di pinggol ni Debata’

We don’t know when 'Tonggo-tonggo Siboru Deakparujar' is created or invented. We only know of the mythology of the Toba people, that 'Siboru Deak Parujar' is an important figure because 'Siboru Deak Parujar' is the daughter of 'Debata Mulajadi Nabolon’, which decreed him down from 'banua ginjang' (continent above) to 'banua tonga' (continental middle) with a fistful of earth ground to forge over the ocean. In his efforts to forge the earth, 'Siboru Deak Parujar' disrupted 'Si Raja Padoha' ('King Padoha), but finally he managed to complete the task was. Then 'Debata Mulajadi Nabolon' fattest 'Si Raja Odap-odap' down again to earth to be husband 'Si Boru Deak Parujar'. Of marriage 'Si Boru Deak Parujar' with 'Si Raja Odap-odap', was born a son named 'Si Raja Ihat Manusia', and a daughter named 'Si Boru Ihat Manusia'. Both brothers are married and then got three sons. Each 'Si Raja Miok- miok' , 'Patundal Nabegu' and 'Si Raja Lapas-lapas'. Of descent 'Si Raja Miok-miok' later born 'Si Raja Batak', which is seen as the ancestor of the Toba tribe (community).

In 'Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar' clearly stated that "land is land bakil Mandailing famous, like the sound of melodious 'gong' (gong sound melodious usually attract attention and can be heard up to distant sites). From there (from the ground Mandailing) way to the top (‘sky’), where we fell from the professor: 'Debata Nan Tiga', 'Nan Tiga Segi', 'Nan Empa Kerajaan', to the middle of the continent (to earth) this".

3. 'Mundailing' and 'Mandalay'

Although the name 'Mandailing' already referred to in the Negarakertagama book around the mid 14^th century, but until now have not obtained any certainty about the 'origin of the name Mandailing' is. In addition Dada Meuraxa (1973) states that there are suspect Mandailing name derived from the word 'Mande Hilang' (Minangkabau language: 'missing mom'), others thought the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the words 'Mundailing', which means 'Munda displaced'. Mentioned that the Munda ‘nation’ in India ago because they did evacuation pressured by the Aryans. In terms of the Munda nation's late decision by the Aryans, Slametmulyana (1979) says, that "before the arrival of the Aryans, Munda peoples occupying northern India. Due to the insistence of the Aryans, the Munda‘nation’ retreated to the south. The occupation of the Aryans took place around the year 1500 BC. Munda ‘nations’ moved out of the area towards Assam India and Southeast Asia, following the occupation of the valley of the Gangga river by the Aryans in its entirety".

In a Munda ‘nation’ displacement of North India to South East Asia as driven by the Aryans, the possibility that there are friends one to Sumatra. And through the port of Barus - on the west coast of Sumatra - they continue his journey up into an area that was later called as 'Mandailing', which is derived from the words 'Mundailing' which means 'Munda displaced' (leaving the country of origin), as proposed Dada Meuraxa (1973) mentioned above.

Regarding the way in the Munda peoples of the west coast of Sumatra, which is the port of Barus, be remembered that the place several centuries before the solar year is already much visited by various nations, and became very famous for its harbor as producer commodity ‘kapur barus’ (camphor). And in Barus in the past there were never colonies Tamils ​​also came from India.

Dada Meuraxa (1973) also states that there is a mention is the origin of the Mandailing name  (words) 'Mandalay’, which is the name of the capital city in Burma. In this connection we can see the opinion of T.E. Tarigan and Emilkam Tambunan (1974) which states that "In Northern Burma there is a center of civilization and city government called Mandalay is almost the same as in Mandailing - South Tapanuli".

From the other side would think that saying the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the words 'Mundailing' (Munda displaced) can be connected also with the idea that ‘Mandailing’ name comes from the word 'Mandalay'. Perhaps the people who urged Munda of their country in India are not directly move to Sumatra. But for the first period of their life in the Burma or 'Mandalay'. Later on they moved new from Mandalay to the Sumatra, and enter areas through road Mandailing as noted above.

Munda process of moving people from Mandalay to Sumatra (Mandailing) can also be connected with the transfer of the nations of South Asia (India Rear) into Indonesia in the past more than 1000 years before Christ. According Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan in his book is highly controversial it (Tuanku Rao, 1964), that the transfer was due to the insistence of the Mongols from the north. He said also that there are those who sailed from South Burma to Indonesia and partially arrived in Sumatra.

The possibility of such a transfer process, Munda peoples of India who had originally lived in Mandalay (North Burma) as driven by the Mongols and then moved to South Burma, and because they also pressed continuously then sailed to the Indonesian and some arrived in Sumatra and occupies an area that became known as the 'Mandailing'.

4 . 'Mandala' and 'iling'

According to Basyral Hamidy Harahap (2013), Mandailing name comes from two words, namely 'mandala' and 'iling'. Mandala in Sanskrit means the district, regional, and war arena. While the words ‘iling’ contained in the vocabulary Mandailing, Angkola, Karo, Simelungun, and Toba which means 'oblique' when associated with the contour of the land in the form of a gently sloping hill (called 'dolok'), slopes and plains of the valley flowed a river. Warneck (1977) mentions that the word 'iling' means 'zurseite geneight' means 'ramp'. A village in Raya district, Simelungun, named ‘Huta iling’ that coordinate 2^o56'0 " North Latitude and 98^o53'0 " east longitude , about 21 kilometers west Siantar between Panai and Raya. Ecology ‘Huta iling’ was the same as Mandailing. But to known that, in Mandailing language, the word 'ling' means 'high-pitched sound’, something like the sound of birds ‘serindit’ the male sex.

5 . ‘Mandala Hilang’

MangarajaLelo Lubis (1986), one of the traditional leaders and community leaders Mandailing, in the book ‘Sopo Godang dan Silipi Mandailing’, also wrote about the origin of the name 'Mandailing'. In the book raised by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis that according to the old story, the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the word 'Mandala Holing'. In the past 'Mandala Holing' is a kingdom covering areas ranging from Portibi in Padang Lawas up to Pidoli in Mandailing (near Panyabungan). At first, located in the center of the kingdom Portibi, where the discovery of ancient temples. Due to the insistence of Majapahit, then later fled to Pidoli. Once upon a time in Pidoli there are also temples. Among other remnants located in a place called 'Saba Biara' around Pidoli. In this connection it may be remembered that in Portibi temples, also called the 'candi biara' or 'biaro'. The words 'biara' is presumably derived from the 'temple' meaning a place of worship for Buddhism.

The possibility of a kingdom called 'Mandala Holing' of yore in South Tapanuli, as proposed by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis, can be attributed to the expansion of Majapahit for control of the area or the possibility kingdom mentioned in the book of Negarakertagama as 'Mandahiling' (Mandala Holing). If royal 'Mandala Holing' is connected with the temples in Portibi, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are researchers who said that the temples were built since the 10^th century. And there is also a call to the 11^th century. In fact, there is a mention of the construction of temples started century 5. Until now there has been no certainty about the future development of the temples in the Portibi. If royal 'Mandala Holing' is synonymous with the area or 'Kingdom of Mandahiling' mentioned in the Negarakertagama book, it can be noted that the expansion of the kingdom of Majapahit ('Mandailing') that occurred around the mid 14th century.

There are still other information expressed by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis about the origin of the name Mandailing, namely that the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the word 'Mandala Hilang'. In this case, explained that at one time people Mandala, ie persons 'Koling' ('Keling') Mandailing inhabit. At the time of the Malays to enter the area, the people Mandala (Koling = Keling ) go elsewhere. Therefore, the Malay saying 'Mandala Hilang', and over time 'as' was turned into 'Mandailing'. With the opinion thus, we are compelled to think, is it not possible that what is meant by the ‘Mandala' ('Holing') it is the people who in ancient times came from Mandalay (Burma) to ‘Mandailing’ region. And the people who came from Mandalay was none other than those who originally fled Munda from India to Burma as urged by the Aryans as noted earlier. In this connection, the name 'Mandala' right adjacent to the name of 'Mandalay'.

Previously been proposed about the existence of a number of ancient relics in several places in Mandailing. These ancient relics are authentic evidence, that there men who inhabited the region at that time Mandailing, as indigenous Mandailing, where they continue to grow until then Hindus came and settled in Mandailing.

It is probable that among the natives and immigrants (Keling, the Hindus), where they coexist peacefully and then build the kingdom in Mandailing. This conjecture is based on the fact that although many found relics of the Hindu era in Mandailing region, but also found indigenous cultural heritage Mandailing which develops itself without dominated by Hindu influence. For example, 'statues' as found on page Bagas Godang in Panyabungan Tonga-Tonga and 'wooden sculptures' contained in Huta Godang (Ulu Pungkut - Mandailing Julu). Likewise, traditional ornaments (called 'bolang') contained in Bagase Godang and Sopo Godang are very few shows Hindu influence, namely the triangle -shaped ornament called 'bindu' ('pusuk robung') which is a symbol of the social system ie Dalian Na Tolu. In Hindu culture, 'bindu' (triangle shape) is a symbol of the mystical relationship between man and god Trimurti. Other parts of the traditional ornaments do not show the influence of Hinduism. From the shape, the ornaments that existed until now only use geometric lines (straight lines), except ornaments of natural objects, man-made and animals such as the sun, moon, stars, swords, snakes, and others. Shape ornaments using only geometric lines proves the ornaments are from the era was so long ago (primitive). In addition, there are also Hindu influence on Mandailing traditional culture, such as the naming of the ‘desa na ualu’ (‘cardinal directions’) and the knighthood as Raja (Mangaraja), Soripada, Guru, and the name of the mountain like Dolok Malea, and use ‘traditional shampoo’ (called 'pangir' ) well as baths in Batang Gadis river.

Diversity Mandailing language consisting of hata Somal, hata sibaso, hata parkapur, hata teas dohot jampolak and grandmother that each vocabulary showed divergent Mandailing indigenous culture has long been developing. This of course resulted from an already high civilization which is not much influenced by Hindu culture. So it can be concluded that although the Hindus for a long time to settle and develop indigenous Mandailing culture but not dominated by Hindus and freely develop its own culture.

Likewise, all of the above thoughts are still hypothetical and therefore still requires more extensive research and in-depth. It is a challenge for the sons Mandailing to perform further research. Hopefully none of them were interested to examine it, so the origin of the name and existence of this Mandailing people do not live to be 'puzzle' for ever. [EN]

Mandailing People in Sumatra

'MANDALA HOLING'

By Edi Nasution

PROLOGUE

Although ethnic groups (tribal) Mandailing has traditional script called ‘surat tulak-tulak’, and is used to write the ancient scriptures called ‘pustaha’, but it is generally ‘pustaha’ not contains 'historical remarks' Mandailing people. The 'books traditional' ('pustaha') that rather about the matters relating to the science of traditional medicine, the occult sciences, predictions about the future that are considered good and bad, as well as predictions about the dream (Pangaduan Z. Lubis, 1986: 43-44). One source of ancient history mentions the name 'Mandahiling' (Mandailing) is a book written by the Mpu Prapanca the Majapahit era is ‘Negarakertagama’. Additionally Mandailing name ('tano padang bakkil bandailing') is also mentioned in the Toba-old classical literature, namely ‘Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar’ (Batara Sangti, 1977: 278). ‘Tonggo-tonggo’ reads as follows:

"Baen ma gondang ni Ompunta, Tuan Humara-Hiri, Si Humara Naboru, par-aji tamba-tua, par-aji pulung-pulungan; sinonduk ni Ompunta Sibaso Nabolon, na marsigantung ditali siubar, na meat di mombang boru".

"Sian tano hondur, tano malambut, tano hulambu jati, sian tano padang bakkil bandailing, tano siogung-ogung; parsirangan ni tano, pardomuan ni aek; Sian i ma dalan laho tu ginjang, partiatan ni Ompunta: Debata Natolu Suhu, Naopat Harajaon tu banua tonga on".

Disi ma parangin-anginan ni Ompunta 'Siboru Deakparujar', sideak uti-utian, sigodang ujar-ujaran:

1.Na manjadihon :  'Gana na so boi tolonon, bulan naso boi oseon'

2.Sian I ma mula ni :  'Dung-dang'

3.Mula ni  :  'Sahala'

4.Mula ni :  'harajaon'

5.Mula ni :  'Gantang tarajuan, Hatian pamonari'

6.Mula ni :  'Pungga si sada iht'

7.Mula ni :  'Ninggala Sibola tali'

8.Sian i ma :  'Boli nii boru muli dohot si namot ni anak'

9.Mula ni  :  'Goar ni bao na so boi dohonon'

10.Nunga disihataon i :  'Di ninggor ni ruma, dipagohan di pinggol nia-debata'."

If the Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar freely translated and converted into English limited as follows :

Tonggo - Tonggo Siboru Deakparujar

Play the drum of our master, ‘Tuan Kumarakumari’, ‘Si Kumara ia a women’, ‘par-aji tamba tua’, ‘par-aji-ramu-ramuan’; husband of master we ‘Sibaso Nabolon’, which relies on ‘siubar’ rope, which is perched on ‘mombang boru’.

From the land of the valley, a true gray ground, from the ‘tano padang bakkil Mandailing’, famous ground, like a melodious voice, separation rather than land, rather than water meeting : “From there the road to the top of the stairs, where we dropped rather than “Empu’ : ‘Debata Nan Tiga’, ‘Nan Tiga Segi’, ‘Nan empat kerajaan’, to the middle of the continent.

That's where we ‘Si Boru Deak Parujar’, which many ingenious, resourceful:

1.Which mandates : "There should be eating oath , should not deny pledge"

2.The origin : "Trust"

3.The origin : "Sahala"

4.The origin of the "kingdom"

5.The origin : "Bushel measurement, scales of truth"

6.The origin of "Rock - a bundle of shavings"

7.The origin of "Pirates like splitting strap"

8.That's where the origin : "Acceptance of purchasing over the marriage of girls for marriage and honesty payments boy"

9.The origins : "The name of ‘besan’ that should never be called "

10.It has been made: "In horses native Batak house, plugged in ear ‘Batu Barani’ and 'di pinggol nia-debata'."

We do not know when Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar was created or invented. All we know is that Siboru Deakparujar are mythological figures in Toba culture. According to the Toba mythology, Si Boru Deak Parujar was the daughter Debata Mulajadi Nabolon, which commanded-His down from the 'continent over' to the 'central continent' bring a handful of soil, earth to forge over the ocean.

But in attempting to forge the earth, Siboru Deak Parujar interference from Naga Padoha (‘Raja Padoha’), but finally he managed to complete the task was. Then Debata Mulajadi Nabolon decreed Si Raja Odap-odap down to earth to become the husband Si Boru Deakparujar. Of marriage Si Boru Deak Parujar with Siraja Odap-odap, was born a son named Siraja Ihatmanusia, and a daughter named Si Boru Ihatmanusia. Both brothers are married and then got three sons. Each Si Raja Miok-miok, Patundal Nabegu and Si Raja Lapas-Lapas. Of descent Si Raja Miok-miok later Si Raja Batak, which is seen as the progenitor (ancestor) of the Batak.

According to Batara Sangti, 'tonggo-tonggo' is arranged in a poetic prayer and pronounced large and small serving time (1977: 270). In Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar clearly stated that “tano padang bakkil Mandailing” famous ground, like a melodious voice ‘gung’ (gong sound melodious usually attract attention and can be heard up to distant sites). From there (from the ground Mandailing) way to the top, 'perturunan' (point down) of our master: Debata Nan Tiga, Nan Tiga Segi, Nan Empat Kerajaan, to 'the middle of the continent' (to earth). Based tonggo-tonggo (prayer) is, it is clear that since time immemorial (since the mythological figure Si Boru Deak Parujar), the Toba (Batak) has recognized the notoriety Mandailing ground. More important than that, Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar also clearly states that the land is where the stairs Mandailing way to the top (heaven), and dropped into a god (Debata Nan Tiga) to 'the middle of the continent' (earth) this.

Furthermore 'tonggo-tonggo' states also that "therein" (on the ground Mandailing) Si Boru Deak Parujar banc. Thus it can be interpret that Si Boru Deak Parujar possibility on the ground once it was exactly Mandailing down from heaven. For his tonggo - tonggo mention "out of it ( from the ground Mandailing) stair way to the top (heaven)". Therefore , it is also the possibility that in the ground Mandailing, Si Boru Deak Parujar precisely mate with Si Raja Odap-Odap. Furthermore, their offspring were born and flourished in the area. Then the hypothesis can be stated , that after the descent Si Boru Deak Parujar and Si Raja Odap -Odap growing in the ground Mandailing, the next generation of their descendants, such as Si Raja Batak (fourth generation descendants of Si Raja Miok-miok, or sixth generation of descendants Si Boru Deak Parujar and Si Raja Odap-odap) move to another place to leave the land Mandailing and go to the land Toba. Then in that place he develops. In other words, based on the interpretation of Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar the Siraja Batak ancestors, starting from Si Raja Odap-Odap and Si Boru Deak Parujar up to Guru Tantan Debata, the father of Si Raja Batak alone , after big then leaving the area (Mandailing) and go to another place that is 'tao Toba'.

‘MANDAILING’ AND 'HUTA ILING'  

Mandailing is an 'open area' and the attitude of the population is also quite open (‘open society’), so much visited by the tribes (nations) from the other parts of the world, more or less the same situation with Simelungun region that also located in northern Sumatra. In this case, Juandaha Raya Purba Nasuha (2008) in the online media KASKUS among others wrote as follows: "Ethnic groups are historically Simelungun Old Malay descent (Proto- Malay) rear of India which spread to an area called now Simelungun after undergoing a process of transformation , assimilation and integration of the various aspects with other tribes who come into contact with the ancestral Simelungun. During its development, the first ancestor Simelungun after settling on the east coast gradually move inland's due to the invasion of other nations successive coming hold expansion into homeland areas (ground water) Simelungun Simelungun. ... So that people today there who claim their ancestors came from Pagarruyung in West Sumatra, Samosir-Tapanuli, Aceh, Gayo- Alas, Pakpak and even from India and Java. So Simelungun into ethnic neighborhoods that have already integrated the various tribes that difficult to decomposed and traced back to the beginning stages".

Just as in Mandailing, in Simelungun there are also many ‘huta’ ('village') such as: Huta Manik Tomok, Huta Saing Dolok Silau, Huta Mariah, Huta Tano, Huta Siallagan, Huta Harangaol, Huta Urung, Huta Bayu  (are wrong ‘nagori’ existing one Simelungun), and Huta iling. In Simelungun language, the word 'iling' means 'loud noise', while the word 'ling' in Mandailing, meaning "a high-pitched voice or a loud", something like the sound of the sound of birds 'tarias' ('serindit') males.

In this connection, according to Basyral Hamidy Harahap (2013), the name 'Mandailing' is derived from Sanskrit vocabulary is 'mandala' and 'iling'. Vocabulary word 'mandala' means 'area', 'region', 'war scene', while 'iling' means 'oblique' is associated with the "contours of the land in the form of a gently sloping hill " (called : 'Dolok'), slopes , valleys and plains which flowed a river, like a village in the district Kingdom, Simelungun named Huta iling whose coordinates are 2o56'0" North Latitude and 98o53'0" east longitude, about 21 kilometers west of the city Siantar between Panai and Raya. Meanwhile, according to Warneck (1977 : 27 , the word 'iling' means zursei geneigt means 'ramp'. And in Canto XIII to Nagarakertagama book ( 1365 ), Mpu prapanca mentions that 'Mandahiling 'is one of the ' neighborhood of the archipelago which is quite important in the past' (14th century). name 'Mandahiling', in Canto XIII Negarakertagama, with many countries in the name of Sumatra written by Mpu Prapanca as 'vassal state' of the Majapahit Kingdom as follows : "Lwir ning nuasa pranusa pramuka sakahawat kaoni ri Malayu/ning Jambi mwang Palembang i Teba len Darmmacraya tumut/Kandis, Kahwas Manangkabwa ri Siyak i Rekan Kampar mwang Pane/Kampe Haru athawa Mandahiling i Tumihang Perlak mwang i Barat". 

Indeed, in the book of the Negarakertagama no other details about the Mandailing except as a 'vassal state' of the Majapahit Kingdom. However, with a name wrote Mandailing there exists an authentic historical evidence that the 14th century has been recognized as one of the 'vassal state' of the Majapahit Kingdom. Unfortunately, the notion of 'vassal state' in this case is not so clear because it means there is no further explanation.

‘BANUA HOLING’ AND ‘SERE’

Beliefs about the origins of the leluluhur (ancestors) who came from a distant place ('migrants') to the island of Sumatra was not only dominated by ethnic Mandailing. There are a number of other tribal claiming to come from areas far beyond the island of Sumatra, such as community Inderagiri Kuantan in Riau, Kerinci communities, tribes Simelungun, Karo (especially Merga Sembiring), Pakpak, and also people Barus on the west coast of Sumatra island north.

Mandailing tribal peoples who inhabited the southern part of the province of North Sumatra (District Mandailing Natal) is reported to originate from Munda, which is a region in Central India. They have moved on to a 6-century, as the nation was hit by an attack from Iraq Arayan expand their influence. After crossing the Himalayas ('Dolok Malea'), then they settled briefly in Mandalay, the Burmese ancient mother country. It is probable that Mandalay name itself comes from the word that follows the accent 'Mandailing-Burma'.

Once again they had to bepindah because of the upheaval of the tribe in Burma are often fought. At that time, they crossed the Strait of Malacca, which at the time was not a huge ocean, very understandable that at that time in certain parts of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula Land only separated by a small strait.

After the Munda has managed to cross the 'small sea' is. then established a kingdom in Batang Pane, Portibi-Padang Lawas. Allegedly this event is expected to occur at the end of the 6th century. Munda kingdom holing in Portibi has become the renowned and expanding conquests were largely up to the coast of Sumatra and the Malay. This situation raises ire Maharaja Rajenderacola, then he attacked Munda kingdom holing and other coastal states in the 9th century. Paramilitary roops Munda (Holing) kingdom led by Raja Odap-Odap been killed by by Rajenderacola and power throughout the region Batang Pane. Her fiance is 'Si Boru Deak Parujar' has crossed 'Dolok Malea' (i.e. climb the Himalayas by his ancestors) by grasping the 'lump of soil' in Portibi to establish a 'royal' ('banua') new (see: Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar as classical literature on tribal Toba-old)

After 'Mandala Holing' kingdom up in Portibi conquered, then birth is also 'second empire' on the island of Sumatra in built in 'Pidoli Dolok' (a small town near the capital of Madina, Panyabungan as now) Mandala Holing recognized as a kingdom, which means 'those areas Keling'. At that time, they still are Hindus to worship 'Dewa Siva' ('Shiva'). In the 13th century, the Majapahit Empire has invaded into Lamuri and also Mandailing. Once again this has been holing Mandala kingdom on earth scorched and destroyed. Captive population could not have run into the woods and 'mixed-hanging' with the natives. Then formed 'Marga Pulungan' which means 'na i pulung-pulung'. In the 14th century and the 15th, 'Pulungan Highways' has established three 'Bagas Godang' ('royal palace') over the three hilltop, but the kingdom is no longer a great empire, but rather 'just a royal village' ('huta'), in Huta Bargot, which is located not far from Panyabungan.

So it can be said , according to Z. Pangaduan Lubis (1987), ‘Negri Mandailing’ that existed before the 14th century. Because before its existence is recorded in advance of course Mandailing already exist. But when the 'State Mandailing' start standing is not known exactly. But because Mandailing name in the book is touted with many names including 'Pane' and Padang Lawas country' in Sumatra, presumably 'Mandailing country' have started there in the 5th century or before. Because the 'Kingdom Pane' has been mentioned in Chinese records in the 6th century. Such conjecture can be connected with the historical evidence in the form of temple ruins located in close Simangambat-Siabu. Temple ('cai') is the Shiva temple that was built around the 8th century. Is the 14th century Mandailing is an unknown kingdom. Because in the book Negarakertagama, Mandailing not mentioned as a kingdom but as a 'vassal state' of the Majapahit Kingdom. But the country is mentioned Mandahiling (Mandailing) as a country, there is a possibility at that time Mandailing is one kingdom. Information regarding the circumstances Mandailing before the 14th century there was no existence at all except Shiva temple in Simangambat. However, based on many relics from prehistoric times and relics from the days of Hindu/Buddhist contained in Mandailing we can express hypothetical statements, with the following description:

In Simangambat (near Siabu) are the ruins of the temple of Shiva (Hindu) of the 8th century. The temple (called ‘cai’ is much older than the existing temples in Portibi (Padang Lawas) which, according to estimates by experts built in the 11th century. Given this Shiva temple can raise the question of why and when the Hindu people from India came to Mandailing which is located on the island of Sumatra, which they named Swarna Dwipa (‘Golden Island’).

It is probable that the Hindus came to Mandailing located in Swarna Dwipa is to seek sere (gold). In the history of India, there is a statement that says that around the first century AD gold supplies are imported into India from Central Asia stalled. Because in Central Asia occurred wars. Therefore, the kingdoms in India are trying to get gold from other places, from Sumatra/Swarna Dwipa. In this connection, it is understandable that in the region Mandailing which in the past to the present in it including Pasaman region there are a lot of gold, so-called tano tano sere or tano omas sigumorsing. The evidence on this matter an awful lot. So huge possibility that the destination by the Hindus of India to look for gold in Swarna Dwipa is Mandailing area, which at the time this area has not been named Mandailing, who knows what it's called when it can not be escertained.

Hindus who came to the area Mandailing is derived from the country or the kingdom of Kalingga in India. Hence they are called Alak Holing or Alak Koling. There is a possibility of them entering the area Singkuang. Because that is where empty Batang Gadis river at Singkuang quite well known as a 'port'. That is why the place is called Singkuan by 'Chinese traders' which means 'new hope'. Because through this port they used to obtain various 'merchandise' significance to emerge from Sumatra such as resin, gitan, ivory and other commodities.

Supposedly after Alak K(h)oling arrived in Singkuang, then they follow the river upstream towards Batang Gadis. Thus, they end up in the 'lowland' fertile region which is now Mandailing Godang. Since prehistoric times in the region and elsewhere in Mandailing natives already there. This is evidenced by the presence of relics from prehistoric times in the form of 'a large stone mortar-mortar' in the middle of the forest around the village Runding across the river Batang Gadis and other evidence at various places.

At the time Alak K(h)oling up in the Mandailing Godang (when it is not known the name of the region), they met with the 'natives ' (Alak Siladang?). Naming Alak Holing or Alak Koling used to mention Hindus who came from Kalingga. Affairs was created by the indigenous population. Upon arrival in the area Mandailing, the Rivet (Alak holing/Alak Koling) are finding what they are looking for is gold. We know from history that the gold was recorded as one of the main capital in the establishment of large kingdoms and gold are also a source of prosperity. After Hindus find a lot of gold in the current Mandailing, they then settled in the region. Because Hindus (Alak Holing/Alak Koling) then settled in the region called Mandala Holing/Mandala Koling. Mandala means 'neighborhood' or 'region'. Mandala Holing/Mandala Koling means neighborhood or residential area people Holing/Koling (Hindu). Until now still often hear mentioned the existence of Banua Holing/Banua Koling, but people do not know where the place is called Banua Holing/Banua Koling it.

Based on the above, we can say that the so-called Banua Holing/Banua Koling it is Mandailing area formerly occupied by Hindus (Alak Holing/Alak Koling). In other words, Banua Holing/Banua Koling is Mandala Holing/MandalaKoling. Centuries later Mandala Holing/Mandala Koling known as the 'Kingdom of Holing'. In this connection, Slamet Mulyana (1979:59 ) argues that trade and diplomatic relations between China and Java take place starting from the establishment of the 'Kingdom of Holing' up at the beginning of the 7th century until the collapse of the 'Majapahit Empire' in the early 16th century. In line with this explanation seems Slamer Mulyana close relationship between the Kingdom of Holing up with Simangambat Shiva temple built in the 8th century. In this case, may also dikemukan that of historical records mention the existence of the kingdom of Kalinga kingdom and Holing. But until now historians have not determined the exact location where definitive. There are historians who suspect that the kingdom of Kalinga is located in East Java but 'Holing' the kingdom mentioned in the Chinese record the exact location is unknown. And can also be questioned whether the kingdom of Kalingga is also called the 'Kingdom of Holing'. With arguments that have dikemukan above, we propose the alleged (hypothesis) that the so-called 'Kingdom of Holing' it is located in the area formerly Mandailing which is also referred to as the 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing/Mandala Koling. It would be reasonable to suspect that the name 'Mandahiling' (Mandailing) called by Mpu Prapanca in the Negarakertagama the 14th century came from the name 'Mandalaholing' mention that later changed into 'Mandahiling' and finally now the 'Mandailing'.

It is estimated that Hindus settled in the 'Kingdom Mandalaholing' ('Kingdom of Holing'/ 'Banua holing') rich with gold for centuries, ie since they first came in the first centuries AD. Until the 13th century the Hindus still exist who settled in Mandailing present. This is evidenced by the discovery of quite a lot of relics of Hindu/Buddhist in Mandailing region. One of them is the 'rock pile' in Mount Merapi bertarikh Sorik 13th century, and in the Mandailing Godang ( Pidoli ) there is a location of rice fields 'named 'Saba Biara'. In this case, the so-called convent or monastery is where the Hindu-Buddhist religious activities. At a place called 'Saba Biara' was a few years ago, at the entrance to the site is on 5 (five) points of presence 'bricks arranged in holes in the ground' that it is less than 2 (two) meters. It was most likely composed of bricks that is 'the temple ruins' from time immemorial. The existing bricks located on the 'mound'. Local residence said that the bricks as being the 'mound' that there are in the middle of rice fields, they say that all the ' islands' (mound) were numerous in the middle of the rice fields is a pile or bricks underneath. It is therefore likely that in the huge site called 'Saba Biara' in Pidoli are dozens of temple ruins relics of 'the kingdom of Hindu/Buddhist' ('Kingdom Mandalaholing').

Supposedly 'Mandalaholing Kingdom' that once contained in Mandailing which now extends to Pasaman region (which formerly was part of the Mandailing). According to information obtained in Pasaman ever, the boundary between regions Mandailing and Minangkabau region located in 'Si Pisang' through 'Palupuh'. Now the boundary between Pasaman and 'Lima Puluh Koto' district. Pasaman region, i.e. at a place called 'Tanjung Medan' near Rao (west Sumatra) are also similar circumstances temple to temple in Portibi. And we know that in the region there are also gold Pasaman required by Hindus. If no one in the area named 'Manggani'. And in that region there is also a ' gold mine 'Dutch during the colonial era. Relics from prehistoric times found in several places in this Mandailing prove that there Mandailing humans who inhabited the region at that time. As a native Mandailing, they continue to grow until then Hindus came and settled in Mandailing.

It is probable that among the natives and the newcomers (Alak Koling/Alak Holing) already mingling. There, they live in peace, that settled and then build the kingdom in Mandailing. This conjecture is based on the fact that although many found relics of the Hindu era in Mandailing region, but also found indigenous cultural heritage Mandailing which develops itself without dominated by Hindu influence. For example, 'statues' as found on page 'Bagas Godang' in Panyabungan Tonga-Tonga ('Mandailin Godang') and 'wooden sculptures' ('Sangkalon') contained in Huta Godang ('Mandaili Julu'). Likewise, traditional ornaments contained in 'Bagas Godang' and 'Sopo Godang' are very few shows Hindu influence. Namely the triangle-shaped ornament called 'bindu' ('pusuk robung') which is a symbol of the social system 'Dalian Na Tolu'. In Hindu culture. 'Bindu' (triangular shap ) is 'the symbol of the mystical' relationship between man and god Trimurti. Other parts of the traditional ornaments do not show the influence of Hinduism. From the shape, the ornaments that existed until now only use 'geometric lines' ('straight line'), except ornaments of natural objects, artificial and animals such as sun, moon, stars, swords, snakes and others. Form of ornament that only uses 'geometric lines'. This proves the ornaments came from that era was so long ago (primitive).

In addition, there are also Hindu influence on Mandailing traditional culture, such as the naming of the 'Desa Na Ualu' (winds) and the knighthood as Mangaraja, Soripada, Batar Guru and the name of the mountain like Dolok Malea. Diversity Mandailing language consisting of Hata Somal, Hata Sibaso, Hata parkapur, and Hata Teas dohot Jampolak grandmother that each vocabulary showed divergent Mandailing indigenous culture has long been developing which would result from the already high civilization which is not much influenced by the culture Hindu. So it can be concluded that although the old Hindu settle and develop indigenous Mandailing culture but not dominated by Hindus and freely develop its own culture.

The existence of the two communities, the indigenous Hindus Mandailing and each developing culture in the past in natural environment fertile and rich with gold likely Mandailing allegedly was the center of civilization in Sumatra in the early centuries AD. One evidence of this is the diversity of languages ​​that have been mentioned above and the existence of the so-called 'surat tulak-tulak' which later evolved to the north ranging from Toba, Karo and Pakpak Simelungun. Research experts have proved that the script Mandailing (surat tulak-tulak). Subtle language and script which is owned by a nation shows that the nation has had a high civilization.

CLANS IN MANDAILING

Traditionally Mandailing people classify themselves into several generation, as descendants rather than an ancestor figures (ancestors). Each group usually has a prominent clan of his own grandmother ('Ompu Parsadaan') whose origin is different, and their ancestors were written in the notes called 'Tarombo', which until now they have saved as 'heritage'. As for the Mandailing clans are as follows: (1) Nasution; (2) Lubis; (3) Dalimunte; (4) Hasibuan; (5) Rangkuti; (6) Parinduri; (7) Pulungan; (8) Tanjung; (9) Batubara; (10) Matondang; (11) Daulae; (12) Mardia; (13) Lintang, (14) and so on.

Through the 'Tarombo', Mandailing people are a 'clan' (called: 'sakahanggi') determine the origin and number of their descendants to the present through the number of offspring can be reckoned how long a Mandailing clan inhabit. In this case, the genus can be defined as "a group of people that collateral, which is derived from a common ancestor, and the lineage was reckoned through the father (the man) or patrilineal". All members of a clan ('sakahanggi') usually wear 'surname' was behind his name.

Although it is quite difficult to ascertain the sequence of the name of the ancestor who connects people with the surname as their ancestors for several generations ago (their ancestors), but there is a belief that the people of the clan established a blood relationship (bloodties), and therefore, the appropriate customs (cultural values​​) Mandailing people, are not allowed marriage between a man and a woman whose clan (incest). In times past, it was customary that the provision violated the traditional ceremonies should be conducted ('rite') 'Pahabang Manuk Na Bontar', and the two men who violated the customary expelled from 'Huta'(village) where they live. Such an event is considered an 'extraordinary event', so the situation is referred to as 'arambir na muba sabut' ( 'coconut fibers change') or 'babiat na muba bolang' ('tiger stripes changed'), meaning a state that is expected to nearly would not have been possible, so if there is something like that would make a stir.

Each clan in Mandailing does usually have a common ancestor (called: 'Ompu Parsadaan') as Lubis clan ancestry named 'Namora Pande Bosi' and Nasution clan named 'Sutan Diaru', but there are also a number of different clans 'name' which has the same ancestors, such as clan Daulae, Matondang and Batubara has 'Ompu Parsadaan' that the brothers are named 'Parmato Sopiak' and 'Bitcu Raya', while clan Rangkuti and Parinduri with their ‘Ompu Parsadaan’ named 'Mangaraja Sutan Pane'.

EPILOGUE

Until now there are contrasting views about 'People Mandailing'. On the one hand, some people argue that it is part of the 'Batak Mandailing', but some remain adamant attitude Mandailing maintain that it was not (part) of the Batak with their respective arguments. Meanwhile, there are also other parties being 'neutral', where they seem to 'not bother' with the different views that exist regarding whether the 'Batak Mandailing' or not. In this regard, Andika Lubis wrote: "What a fight , why argue about Mandailing , while others just do not know . Fact , now Mandailing it has lost its identity. Mandailing now only complement the existing row of tribes in Indonesia ". ... He added , "One thing that has yet to be answered . Namely, a tradition of non Mandailing. Batak, Mandailing, Javanese, Minangkabau, Sundanese, Nias, Karo is different tribes as well as the history and customs of different languages ​​as well. But, when outsiders assume, Mandailing said never existed. Jakarta people hear the language spoken is always sentenced to Mandailing Batak people. Minang people Mandailing hear people telling stories, always assume that the Batak. They never even mention the guy Mandailing, Mandailing language. While other people talk Batak, Batak people agreed that, without change anyway so Mandailing. Mandailing Like most people convicted so Batak". And with respect to the existence of tribal Karo, Edi Sembiring wrote: "Assertions Not Batak Karo was not for the benefit of current. For 10-15 years later, when our children were grown. Hopefully all the discussions and posts on blogs in internet media into their references to find the real identity". In that regard this writing with the hope that can provide insight and understanding that is somewhat wider and a bit depth of tribal existence Mandailing . [EN]

Gandoang, Desember 2013

REFERENCE

1. Basyaral Hamidy Harahap, "Aksara Mandailing: Tinjauan Sosial Budaya", paper presenteed in "Sarasehan Kebudayaan Mandailing" at Pers Council Building, Jakarta (Juni 1, 2013).

2. Juandaha Raya Purba Nasuha, "Renungan Sejarah Bangsa Simalungun", article, lihat: http://www.kaskus.co.id/show_post/000000000000000054496874/199.

3. Paco-paco, "Swarnadwipa  Silang Budaya", article, lihat: http://mozaikminang. wordpress. com/2009/10/25/swarnadwipa-silang-budaya/.

4. Drs. Z. Pangaduan Lubis, "Mandailing Dalam Lintasan Sejarah", article, lihat: http://www.mandailing.org/ind/rencana18.html.

5. Drs. Z. Pangaduan Lubis, "Namora Natoras: Kepemimpinan Tradisional Mandailing", essay, FISIPOL-USU, 1986.

6. Sutan Diaru Parlindungan, "Saro Mandailing: Suatu Pengamatan Awal", paper presenteed in "Sarasehan Kebudayaan Mandailing" at Pers Council Building, Jakarta (Juni 1, 2013).

7. Edi Nasution & Beni Nasution, "Catatan Yang Berserakan dan Belum Utuh Tentang Asal-Usul Nama Mandailing", paper presenteed in "Sarasehan Kebudayaan Mandailing" at Pers Council Building, Jakarta (Juni 1, 2013).

8. Edi Sembiring, "Penegasan Karo Bukan Batak". article, lihat: http://www. sorasirulo.com/2013/07/19/penegasan-sikap-karo-bukan-batak/.

9. Andika Lubis, "Identitas Mandailing Sudah Hilang', article, lihat: http:// bakriepulungan.blogspot.com/2010/04/mandailing.html.

10. Edi Nasution, Tulila: Muzik Bujukan Mandailing, Penang-Malaysia: Areca Books, 2007.