Mandailing people

"MANDAILING COMMUNITY"

Preliminary 

Mandailing or 'Mandahiling' thought to originate from the word 'mandala' and 'holing', which means an area of ​​the kingdom of Kalinga. Kalinga kingdom is the kingdom of the archipelago which stand before the kingdom of Srivijaya, the last king of Sri Paduka Maharaja Indrawarman who founded the Sultanate Dharmasraya after in Islamkan by Caliph Uthman ibn Affan envoy to the 7th century AD.

Sri Paduka Maharaja Indrawarman is the son of Ratu Shima. Sri Paduka Maharaja Indrawarman later killed by dynasty, the founder of the kingdom of Srivijaya in the 7th century as well. In the 10th century, Chola kingdom of the Tamil region, South India, with its Raja Rajendra has invaded and the kingdom of Srivijaya occupied Mandailing region, which became known as Ang Chola (read: Angkola). Ang honors for Rajendra. Royal India is estimated to have formed their colonies, stretching from Portibi to Pidoli. 

  In Minangkabau language, interpreted mande as  'Mandailing lost' intentioned "missing mom". Therefore there is also a notion that says that the coming of the Mandailing Kingdom  community in Pagaruyung-Minangkabau. 

Customs 

Mandailing tribal customs stipulated in the Surat Tumbaga holing (Fiber Copper Kalinga), which is always recited in traditional ceremonies. Mandailing people familiar with writing the script called Tulak-Tulak, which is a variant of the alphabet Proto-Sumatra, which is derived from the Pallava letters, forms no different from Minangkabau script, script Rencong of Aceh, Old Sundanese script, and the script other archipelago. 

Although the Mandailing tribe has a script that be named surat tulak-tulak and used to write the ancient scriptures called 'pustaha' ('library'). But very difficult to find a record of the history of the Mandailing before the 19th century. Generally these libraries contains records of traditional medicine, the occult sciences, predictions about the good and bad times, as well as forecast the dream. 

Kinship systems

Mandailing own tribe know understand kinship, either patrilineal or matrilineal. In a patrilineal system, Mandailing people familiar 'marga' (clan). In Mandailing only a dozen known genera, among others Lubis, Nasution, Harahap, Pulungan, Batubara, Parinduri, Lintang, Hasibuan, Rambe, Dalimunthe, Rangkuti, Tanjung, Mardia, Daulay, Matondang, and Hutasuhut. When the Batak know ban on married between the same clan ('samarga'), then Mandailing people are not familiar with the prohibition of marriage 'samarga'. This is what lead to the Batak clan increased, because every between the same clan married, then they made a 'new clan'. 

On the other hand, people from ethnic Mandailing semarga case of marriage, then they only have to perform sacrifices, such as chickens, goats or buffalo, depending on their social status in society, but it is now customary rules are not met, because the status values Mandailing social community has changed, especially overseas. 

Mandailing Not Batak 

In this case many foreign historians make Mandailing be sub-ethnic of Batak began during the reign of the Netherlands, while the Mandailing people themselves refuse to ethnic Batak united in the Dutch administration in the early 20th century, known as the National Endowment Lands tale Mandailing in 'Sungai Dead', Medan in 1925, which continues to court. To this end, based on the decision of the Court of the Netherlands Indies government in Batavia, Mandahiling recognized as a separate ethnic of Batak, Batak ethnicity alone because actually younger than Mandailing ethnic pedigree recognized by its own ethnic Batak Tree of the Raja Batak - Batak people ancestors, who his mother called Boru Deak Parujar is ethnic Mandailing. Ethnic Mandailing itself according to Minangkabau ethnic lineage. 

Origin 

Mandailing people surnamed Rangkuti and fractions Parinduri, also does not support the notion, saying they came from Toba. "... Until now nobody Rangkuti clan who considers himself Batak, not marmora (have relatives-in-law relationship) and not maranak Boru (bermenantu kin ties) to the Land of Batak." Because, according to the narrative compiled from old people in Mandailing and also adapted to the Rangkuti clan 'tarombo' ('tree'), that Ompu Parsadaan Rangkuti (ancestors of the people surnamed Rangkuti) in Runding, named Mangaraja Sutan Pane, which roughly the XI century comes from Ulu Panai open Huta Runding and establish a kingdom there. The Kingdom of dealing with 'harajaon' (royal) Pulungan in Hutabargot at the foot of the tor (mountain) Dolok Sigantang across the Batang Gadis river approximately 16 miles from Panyabungan". 

Another version is also said that the ancestors of the Mandailing surname Rangkuti originally came "from South Aceh (from Rondeng Tread Master) along the sea shore up to Natal". From there they then fell into Mandailing Godang and establish their colony called Runding, according to the name of their place of origin. Other versions, Rangkuti a descendant of Ra Kuti ('people who feared'), which is the figure in the uprising Wedheng the Majapahit period, which ran into Mandailing in the past, namely the Sultan Aru that capital in Padang Lawas. 

Mandailing Highways 

The word 'marga' (clan) in Mandailing could mean clanyang derived from Sanskrit, Varga are citizens or color, plus affixes ma or mar, be mavarga or marvarga, meaning have residents  and shortened to clan. The clan itself meaningful groups or families of people who come from a common ancestor or a village. 

'Marga' (highways) can also be derived from the abbreviation 'family name'. However, not everyone Mandailing included clan in its name, as it is considered sufficient as an identity between the Mandailing own. In addition, among the Mandailing some are not wearing a patrilineal system or clan system, but wear or matrilineal system termed the tribal system in the Minang language, such as for example the ethnic Lubu which is native Mandahiling. In addition, the clan can also be interpreted as a hamlet, as well as the meaning of the clan in South Sumatra. 

Ethnic Mandahiling is 'tribes' that inhabits 3 provinces in Sumatra Island, namely the District Mandailing Natal, Padang Lawas, North Padang Lawas, South Tapanuli, Labuhanbatu District, North Labuhanbatu District, South Labuhanbatu District, District shavings and Coal County in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia and in Pasaman and West Pasaman, in the province of West Sumatra, and in Rokan Hulu, Riau Province. 

In the Dutch colonial period, all of which fall into Afdeeling Mandahiling under Sumatra's West Kust Gouvernement (governorate of the West Coast of Sumatra). In Minangkabau society, Mandailing be one called 'tribal' or the surname of the mother (matrilineal) that exist in Minangkabau society. 

As well as the Arabic and Chinese, or Mandailing people have knowledge of genealogy, which in the language of Mandailing referred to as (Tarombo or Tambo). Lineage Mandailing people can reach several offspring at once a history of their ancestors. 

At first pedigree anything clan, hereditary narrated orally (legend or terombo), then lowered in writing. According Abdoellah Loebis who wrote about the origins of the Mandailing in Mandailing magazine published in the field in the early period of the 20th: "The legend still holds down-derivatives, namely clan Lubis and Nasution, as has been authored by the late King Mulya former Kuriahoofd (area) Aek (River) Nangali ... ". It does not mean clans Mandailing others do not maintain their pedigree. 

Lubis clan genealogy research Singengu (Silangkitang descent) in Kotanopan and Lubis Singasoro (Sibaitang descent) in Pakantan, along Harahap (Sutan Bugis descent) and Hutasuhut (Sutan Borayun descent) in Angkola, which is a descendant of Namora Pande Bosi, suggests that the clan was first settled in Mandailing Julu and Mandailing Jae (Angkola) during the period of 16th century AD, the descendants of Raden Patah from Bugis Wind degree of Majapahit, which together dariPalembang Bugis forces, who lost on the buffalo with the Kingdom Pagaruyung Sibusuk wilderness. Lopez-Lopez while others, such as Parinduri, Coal, Daulae, Raorao, cape, and others, who are not descendants of Namora Pande Bosi, generally until now has not been widely publicized. 

While in general Sibaroar Nasution clan residing in Mandailing Godang the Baroar title is a descendant of Sultan (Sultan) Di Aru, and other clans Nasution, among others Nasution Panyabungan, Tambangan, Borotan, Lancat, Jior, Tonga, Dolok, Maga, Pidoli, and others, based on their respective village name, which was originally put on the matrilineal system. 

Ethnic Mandailing only know about a dozen genera, among others Lubis, Nasution, Pulungan, Batubara, Parinduri, Harahap, Hasibuan, Rambe, Dalimunthe, Rangkuti, Tanjung, Mardia, Daulay, Matondang, Hutasuhut, and so on. 

According Abdoellah Loebis, clans in Mandailing Julu and Pakantan are as follows: Lubis (which devided to Lubis Huta Nopan and Lubis Singa Soro), Nasution, Parinduri, Batubara, Matondang, Daulay, Nai Monte, Hasibuan, and Pulungan. 

Clans in Mandailing Godang is divided to Nasution Panyabungan, Tambangan, Borotan, Lantat, Jior, Tonga, Dolok, Maga, Pidoli, and others; Lubis, Hasibuan, Harahap, Batubara, Matondang (Hasibuan descent), Rangkuti, Mardia, Parinduri, Batu na Bolon, Pulungan, Rambe, Mangintir, Nai Monte, Panggabean, Tangga Ambeng and Margara (Rangkuti, Mardia and Parinduri origin of the clan). 

Generally clans in Mandailing, the story does not indicate its origin comes from Toba, such opinions are sown. Among other things, Batubara, Matondang, and Daulae derived from a common ancestor. Leaders of the clan ancestors third according to the story of two brothers, namely Datu Bitcu Rayo and Parmato Sopiak. 

Around the year 1560 AD, both the entourage departed from Batubara-Tanjung Balai towards Barumun region. There, they established a village called Binabo, and that's where Parmato Sopiak eventually died. (In 1981, several prominent Daulae, Matondang and Batubara (clans) of Mandailing Parmato Sopiak been restored tomb located near the village Binabo in Barumun region.) Later on, two sons named Parmato Sopiak, Si Lae and Si Tondang with their followers moved to Mandailing Godang, and established a village called Pintu Padang. That's where, their offspring grow and surnamed Daulae and Matondang. Then Datu Bitcu Rayo move, and set up a village namely Pagaran Tonga. In that place, the offspring develop into clan Batubaral. 

Mandailing language 

Mandailing language is the language contained in the North Sumatera the south, West Sumatra and Riau provinces northern part, which is a variant of the Sanskrit language is heavily influenced Arab. 

Language Mandailing Julu and Mandailing Godang with a softer pronunciation of the language Angkola again, even from the Batak-Toba language. The majority of its use in Mandailing-Natal regency, but not including Natal language (Minangkabau language?), even though language users related Natal (collateral) with the Mandailing-Natal district in general. 

Meanwhile, the language of Mandailing-Padang Lawas (Padang Bolak) used in the district of Padang Lawas and North Padang Lawas. In Pasaman, West Sumatra and Kampar, Riau, Mandailing language has its own variations. 

In the area of Asahan, Batubara, and Labuan Batu, Mandailing people generally wear Malay East Coast. Mandailing and Angkola language, especially in Angkola Dolok (Sipirok) is the language most similar to the Batak-Toba language, because geographically adjacent, but a little softer Angkola language intonation than Batak-Toba language. Angkola language covers an area Padangsidempuan, Batang Toru, Sipirok, all parts of the district of South Tapanuli. In general, people will use Malay-Mandailing when met, if there are words that do not understand the local dialect respectively. (*)

Gandoang. July 10, 2014.

(from various sources)

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Mandailing history (2)

A Piece of Mandailing history (2)

Exodus from Munda, India

Mandailing narrated Munda is derived from a region in Central India. They have moved on to a 6-century, as the nation was hit by an attack from Iraq Arayan expand their influence. After crossing the Himalayas they settled briefly in Mandalay, the Burmese ancient mother country. It is probable Mandalay name itself comes from the word that follows the accent Mandailing Burma.

Once again they were forced move because the tribal upheaval in Burma are often fought. At that time they crossed the Strait of Malacca, which at the time was not a big ocean, so it's understandable that at times certain areas of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula Land only separated by a small strait.

The Munda has triumphed across the small sea and established a kingdom in Batang Pane, Portibi, the incident allegedly occurred at the end of the century-6. Kingdom of Holing up in Portibi Munda has become the renowned and extend his conquests to large to partially coast of Sumatra and Malaya. This gives rise to a state of anger, then he (Maharaja Rajenderacola) would attack the Munda Holing kingdom and coastal state other in 9th century. The Munda Holing kingdom army led by Raja Odap-Odap been killed by Rajenderacola and power throughout the region Batang Pane. His fiancee has crossed by Si Boru Deak Parujar in Dolok Maela (blessing Himalayan climb ancestors) by holding a lump of soil in Portibi to forge a new kingdom ("Manopa Banua").

Kingdom of Majapahit Mandala Holing and Assault

The second kingdom established in Pidoli Dolok-Sumatera recognize as royal Mandala means Holing people Rivet region. At that time they still worship the Hindu god Siva. In the 13th century, the Majapahit Empire has invaded into Lamuri and Mandailing. Once again this has been Mandala Holing kingdom on earth scorched and destroyed. Population in captivity can not have a run-forestry and mixed with the slang nature. Then formed Highways Pulungan means that in 'quotes-quotes'. In the 14th century and the 15th, Highways Pulungan has established three Bagas Godang above three peaks Hill but the kingdom is no longer a huge empire, only the royal village.

Relations with the Kingdom Pagaruyung

In the mid-14th century, there is a legend of three Pagaruyung children. The Fence lordship named Batara Sinomba, Ratu Rumondang Ni Bulan and the youngest Betara Langgoni Gorga Pinanyungan who founded two kingdoms baru. Batara Sinomba been expelled by a Pagaruyung the lordship of the fault begins with his sister Batara Langgoni. Both the sisters had migrated along with his followers and established a kingdom in the city of Penang. Which in Pertuan Pinang City is what kings down to Kota Raja, Bilah Kampung Raja and Jambi.

Her sister Batara Gorga Pinanyungan found guilty in fair to come into force next to his mother's cousin is Ratu Rumondang. By because no longer the heir to the throne so princess betrothed to Raja Gayo.

When Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan taken away to Gayo he has brought an bunches of ripe areca nut and planted the grain on each time the group ride off a cliff so thath up in the river. In the Raja Tebing river has given birth to a boy and a mighty valiant. When the group wants to continue his journey to Gayo then came the lightning and thunder were so terrible until they can not camp in the open. That's how so seven times the experiment. Finally a Datu had informed the child that let abandoned on a rock under a tree where he was born his deep sena son would become a great king there.

Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan eluctant son left because he wanted to die with her, when Raja Gayo later found that he was no longer a virgin. In these circumstances radiated the rainbow then seven Bunian reearch followed by Mangala Bulan god of Heaven. The daughter of the store into the adjacent river and bathed with growing Sena flowers. When out of the river in found stomachs indicates the Raja had given birth to no longer visible. So in the name of the river recognize as "Aek Batang Gadis" means, restore river water girl/virgin.

Children are left under the tree Sena has been met by an entourage of Sultan Pulungan hunting, then dipunggutnya. Children who are raised in cages under the house has finally managed to escape and establish a kingdom and later defeated Sultan Pulungan. The child who identify as Sibaroar namely in cages under house eventually became a great king in Panyabungan. Because the king Penyabungan hidden in his mother then known as the royal kingdom be called "Mande Nan Hilang", in short Mandailing or Mandehilang. He also is 'pengasas'/enforcement Highways Nasution, meaning the magic.

When the story is in the title of greatness Sibaroar Sutan Diaru spread far into the Pagaruyung kingdom. The Pagaruyung kingdom lordship was fond Rumandang Ni Bulan Pregnant Daughter brought to Gayo. Raja and his entourage departed follow any nut trees that had been planted by a former lover that came up on the banks of river that in the call "Aek Batang Gadis" and then brought to the Sultan Diaru facep in Penyabungan.

After lengthy storytelling and caregivers who named Sisauwa have shown a yellow silk cloth that wrapped nut ripe Sutan Diaru when the Raja found under a sena tree in "Aek Batang Gadis" with aguk along worn by his mother Ratu Rumandang Ni Bulan. Then the Yang Di Pertuan will out Fence Pagaruyung, that Raja Sutan Penyabungan is his son. The entire contents of the land rejoiced, and Sutan Diaru was in tabalkan is Rasmi as Raja Penyabungan. At the same time representatives from Penang city has come to Panyabungan to invite The lordship Fence Pagaruyung his brother there to meet that you have not met. The lordship then said, "Beta tetap akan mengunjungi kekanda beta di Kota Pinang," so it was on this day in the Pinang city recognize as 'Tanah Abang', and recognize as Panyabungan at Land's sister, blessing Betara Sinomba event invites his sister Betara Gorga Pinanyungan in order Raja Panyabungan came to Pinang town although his sister has a larger empire in Pagaruyung. 

Kingdom of Sibaroar @ Sutan Diaru in Panyabungan finally mastered the whole wide thrive Mandailing Godang very fertile soil.

19th century ie around 1916, under the leadership of Padri army, Tuanku Imam Bonjol have delegate Raja Gadumbang Porang or more in recognized as Mandailing lord to Islamize Land Mandailing. Padri army has entered into Mandailing through the estuary and Muara Sipongi, Panyabungan in early 1816. The Netherlands also entered Mandailing the later around 1835, this has resulted in many of the Raja-raja Mandailing against and forced to retreat and cross the Strait of Melaka and continue to settle in Malaya.

Displacement Mandailing People

People Mandailing army former chief cleric has played an important role in the course of history in the country namely Tanah Melayu escape. Names like Tuanku Tambusai , Raja of Origin, Raja Laut and Sutan Naposo recorded in the throes of civil war in the history of Pahang and Selangor. 

Displacement of the Mandailing began a long time, which are due to family misunderstandings, lost or runaway or fugitive war you indulge various customary or legal errors. Fall Panyabungan of 1816 and into the hands Padri army movement Mandailing Land Islamize the next. There is such in the conductance to the Peninsula. But the most striking displacement stems from a rollicking as a slave/servant and in whom fled with their families to seek a safer place to live.

During the Padri War

Raja Gadumbang Porang attacks or Mandailing with Tuanku army vicar is not so pressing but if my lord Mangraja Lelo Panyabungan barrage attack and hunt down the Huta Siantar with his lordship; rollicking murder has forced residents were largely Mandailing fled to Malaya, circa 1816-1832. There is also among the kings who followed Mandailing-Padri army like Patuan Maga, Baginda Sidursat and others have opposed my Tuanku Lelo. Under the leadership of some people Tuanku Mandailing warlord faction lord vicar finally attacked Padang Sidempuan and Tuanku Lelo in killed him. One of the Mandailing king's sons, named Jahurlangyang by title Tuanku Bosi is Patuan Maga a child to have accompanied the Tuanku Imam Bonjol before the fall of the fortress Mulberry. He was entrusted by Tuanku Imam Bonjol to keep Bonjol landscape in 1837 - when he was negotiating with the Dutch.

Jahurlang or Tuanku Bosi given a sword belonging to Al-malik and Tuanku Rao fall victim in Air Bangis as a sign to take over the leadership in Bonjol. Landscape Bonjol's unfortunate you indulge untenable Netherlands army strength, eventually with his Tuanku Bosi forced retreated to Fort Dalu Dalu.

Seeing a sword in the hands of Al-Malik Tuanku Bosi, then Tuanku Tambusai had planned his retirement with his followers and Fort Dalu Dalu submitted to Tuanku Bosi. Tuanku Tambusai king lord accompanied by origin, Abdullah Zawawi (son to the Tuanku Bosi) who later on identify as the Raja Laut left with their followers to Tanah Melayu. Dalu-Dalu fortress fell to the Dutch in 1838. Tuanku Bosi also fall victim after being seriously wounded in the battle.

Tuanku Tambusi, the Raja of origin and the Raja Laut ded in Melaka Lukut and went to find somewhere to stay. Not long after the Raja Laut was ordered back to Sumatra to look for saki baki army vicar for revenge attacks against the Dutch set. Origin king left his deep Lukut there is little commotion there, he went to open Kelang Tin. Ore Mines around the year 1843. Tuanku Tambusai looking for a place to stay isolated in Negeri Sembilan and settled there. Raja Laut repeatedly shuttled between Sumatra and Malaya while attacking merchant ships Netherlands, Britain, China and India are crossing the strait of Melaka. Thus he is called Raja of the Sea. (EN)

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Gandoang. Juny 22, 2014

(from various sources)

Mandailing Culture (2)

MANDAILING CULTURE: A BRIEF OVERVIEW

By Edi Nasution

ORIGIN 'NAME' OF THE ‘MANDAILING’

A number of legends that contain elements relating to the history and origins of 'marga' (clan) of the Mandailing people, are still living in the community Mandailing, as legend Namora Pande Bosi and Si Baroar that written by WillemIskander - century 18. But such a legend does not provide information regarding the history of significant Mandailing. In some historical records such as the ‘Porang Paderi’ (Padri War) history compiled by M. Radjab (1964), there is mention of the Mandailing Mandailing and involvement in the ‘Porang Paderi’. The historical record is simply related to the Mandailing community in the 18^th century and the beginning of the entry of the Dutch into Mandailing. But what about the history or circumstances Mandailing community in previous centuries there is no record of writing.

Based on existing records, the following briefly outlines the origins of the 'name' and 'existence' Mandailing people, as follows:

1. The Legend of 'Mandala Holing'

According to one oral stories (folklore) are still alive in the midst of society Mandailing until now, the 'Mandailing' word is derived from the 'Mandala Holing' word, is a kingdom which is estimated to have existed since the 12th century. Coverage Mandala Holing empire stretching from Portibi estimated in Padang Lawas up to 'Pidoli' in Panyabungan (Mandailing Godang).

In this connection, in Simangambat (not far from Siabu), there are the ruins of the temple of Shiva (Hindu), which is estimated to have existed since the 18^th century. The temple (called 'cai') is much older than the temples in Portibi (Padang Lawas), but according to estimates by experts built in the 11^th century. With the existence of this temple can raise the question of why and when the Ummah Hindu (hereinafter referred to as 'Hindus') of India came into Mandailing located in Sumatra, which they named Swarna Dwipa (Golden Island)?

It is probable that the Hindus came to Mandailing located in Swarna Dwipa is to look for gold. In the history of India, there is a statement that says that around the first century AD, gold supplies are imported into India from Central Asia stalled, as in Central Asia occurred various wars. Therefore, the kingdoms in India are trying to get gold from other places, from Sumatra (Swarna Dwipa). In this connection, we understand that in the region Mandailing which in the past to the present in it including Pasaman region there are a lot of gold. The evidence on this matter an awful lot. So huge possibility that the destination by the Hindus of India to look for gold in Swarna Dwipa is Mandailing area. At that time this area has not been named 'Mandailing'. But whatever its name when it was not known until now.

Hindus who came to the area Mandailing is derived from the country or the kingdom of Kalingga in India. Hence they are called 'alak holing' or 'alak koling. There is a possibility of them entering the area Singkuang. Because that is where Singkuang boils down to Batang Gadis ('Bayang Gadis' word means 'to trade places') river quite well known as a port. That is why the place is called 'Singkuan' by Chinese traders which means 'new hope'. Because through this port they used to obtain various merchandise (commodity) important that originated from Sumatra such as resin, camphor, elephant ivory, and so on.

According to the allegations that after the 'alak k(h)oling' arrives in Singkuang, then they follow the river upstream towards Batang Gadis river. Thus, they end up in a low-lying fertile region which is now Mandailing Godang. Since prehistoric times in the region and elsewhere in Mandailing natives already there. This is evidenced by the presence of relics from prehistoric times in the form of 'a large stone mortar-mortar' in the woods around Runding across the Batang Gadis river and other evidence at various places. And one fish that is quite famous in 'Batang Gadis' named 'mera'.

When 'alak k(h)oling' up in the Mandailing Godang (then also we do not know the name of the region), they met with the local indigenous population. Naming 'alak k(h)oling' used to refer to the Hindus who came from ‘Kalingga Affairs’ was created by the indigenous population . Upon arrival in the area Mandailing, the ‘k(h)oling’ such find what they are looking for, namely gold. We know from history that the gold was recorded as one of the main capital in the establishment of large kingdoms and gold are also a source of prosperity. After Hindus find a lot of gold in the current Mandailing, they then settled in the region. Because the ‘k(h)oling’ settled in the area, then called Mandala Holing/Koling. Mandala means neighborhood or region. So, Mandala Holing/Koling means neighborhood or residential area the k(h)oling. Until now we still often hear mention of the existence of 'Banua Holing/Koling'. But people do not know where the place is called 'Banua Holing/Koling' it.

Based on the above hypothesis, we can say that the so-called 'Banua Holing/Koling' it is Mandailing area formerly occupied by the ‘k(h)oling’. In other words, 'Banua Holing/Koling' is 'Mandala Holing/Koling'. Centuries later 'Mandala Holing/Koling' known as the 'Kingdom of Holing'. In this connection, Slamet Mulyana (1979) argues that trade and diplomatic relations between China and Java take place starting from the establishment of 'Kingdom of Holing' at the beginning of the 7^th century until the collapse of the Majapahit Empire in the early 16^th century. In line with this statement Slamet Mulyana (1979) we can see the relationship between the 'Kingdom of Holing' with the Shiva temple in Simangambat were awakened in the 8th century. And also it can be argued that from the historical records mention the existence of the ‘Kingdom of Kalingga' and 'Kingdom of Holing'. But until now historians have not determined the exact location where definitive. There are historians who suspect that the 'Kingdom of Kalingga' is located in East Java, but the 'Kingdom of Holing' that was mentioned in the Chinese records the exact location is unknown. Because it can be questioned whether the 'Kingdom of Kalingga' is also called 'Kingdom of Holing'. With arguments that have proposed above, we propose the alleged (hypothesis) that the so-called 'Kingdom of Holing' was formerly located in Mandailing which is also referred to as the 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing/Koling'. It would be reasonable to suspect that the name 'Mandahiling' (Mandailing) as mentioned by Mpu Prapanca in the Negarakertagama book the 14^th century derived from the name 'Mandalaholing' which later changed into a mention of 'Mandahiling' and finally now a 'Mandailing'. To prove the truth of this conjecture or hypothesis would still need to do research. And this is a challenge for  Mandailing people.

Anticipated Hindus settled in 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing' ('Kingdom of Holing'/'Banua Holing') is rich with gold for centuries, ie since they first came in the first centuries AD. Until the 13th century the Hindus still exist who settled in Mandailing present. This is evidenced by the discovery of quite a lot of relics of Hindu/Buddhist in Mandailing region. One of them is the 'rock pile' in Sorik Merapi mountain in 13^th century, and in the Mandailing Godang (Pidoli) there is a rice field location called 'Saba Biara'. As for the so-called 'convent’ or 'monastery' is where the first Hindu - Buddhist religious activities.

Supposedly 'Kingdom of Mandala Holing' which had once contained in Mandailing which now extends to Pasaman region (which formerly was part of the Mandailing). According to information obtained in Pasaman ever, the boundary between regions Mandailing and Minangkabau region located in ‘Si Pisang’ through ‘Palupuh’, but now the boundary between Pasaman and ‘Lima Puluh Koto’ district. Pasaman region, ie at a place called ‘Tanjung Medan’ near Rao are also similar circumstances temple to temple in Portibi. And we know that in the region there are also gold Pasaman required by Hindus. If no one in the area named Manggani. And in that region there is also a gold mine in the Dutch colonial period.

2. 'Tonggo-Tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar'

In addition to the Kakawin Negarakertagama, the name 'Mandailing' has also been mentioned in the 'Tonggo-Tonggo Si BoruDeak Parujar', namely Toba-old literary classic. 'Tonggo-tonggo' (classical literature) consists of 10 (ten) Article Toba society as a philosophy of culture, and it is quite dense (see: Batara Sangti simanjuntak: 1977) as follows:

"Baen ma gondang ni Ompunta, Tuan Humara-Hiri, Si Humara Naboru, par-aji tamba-tua, par-aji pulung-pulungan; sinonduk ni Ompunta Sibaso Nabolon, na marsigantung ditali siubar, na meat di mombang boru".

"Sian tano hondur, tano malambut, tano hulambu jati, sian tano padang bakkil bandailing, tano siogung-ogung; parsirangan ni tano, pardomuan ni aek; Sian i ma dalan laho tu ginjang, partiatan ni Ompunta: Debata Natolu Suhu, Naopat Harajaon tu banua tonga on".

Disi ma parangin-anginan ni Ompunta 'Siboru Deakparujar', sideak uti-utian, sigodang ujar-ujaran:

1.    Na manjadihon       :  ’Gana na so boi tolonan, bulan naso boi oseon’

2.     Sian i ma mula ni      :    ’Dung-dang’

3.     Mula ni                      :    ’Sahala’

4.     Mula ni                      :    ’Harajaon’

5.     Mula ni                      :    ’Gantang tarajuan, Hatian pamonari’

6.     Mula ni                      :    ’Pungga si sada ihot’

7.     Mula ni                     :    ’Ninggala sibola tali’

8.     Sian i ma mula ni      :    ’Boli ni boru muli dohot si namot ni anak

9.     Mula ni                      :    ’Goar ni bao na so boi dohonan’

10. Nunga disihataon i :    ’Di ninggor ni ruma, dipagohan di pinggol ni Debata’

We don’t know when 'Tonggo-tonggo Siboru Deakparujar' is created or invented. We only know of the mythology of the Toba people, that 'Siboru Deak Parujar' is an important figure because 'Siboru Deak Parujar' is the daughter of 'Debata Mulajadi Nabolon’, which decreed him down from 'banua ginjang' (continent above) to 'banua tonga' (continental middle) with a fistful of earth ground to forge over the ocean. In his efforts to forge the earth, 'Siboru Deak Parujar' disrupted 'Si Raja Padoha' ('King Padoha), but finally he managed to complete the task was. Then 'Debata Mulajadi Nabolon' fattest 'Si Raja Odap-odap' down again to earth to be husband 'Si Boru Deak Parujar'. Of marriage 'Si Boru Deak Parujar' with 'Si Raja Odap-odap', was born a son named 'Si Raja Ihat Manusia', and a daughter named 'Si Boru Ihat Manusia'. Both brothers are married and then got three sons. Each 'Si Raja Miok- miok' , 'Patundal Nabegu' and 'Si Raja Lapas-lapas'. Of descent 'Si Raja Miok-miok' later born 'Si Raja Batak', which is seen as the ancestor of the Toba tribe (community).

In 'Tonggo-tonggo Si Boru Deak Parujar' clearly stated that "land is land bakil Mandailing famous, like the sound of melodious 'gong' (gong sound melodious usually attract attention and can be heard up to distant sites). From there (from the ground Mandailing) way to the top (‘sky’), where we fell from the professor: 'Debata Nan Tiga', 'Nan Tiga Segi', 'Nan Empa Kerajaan', to the middle of the continent (to earth) this".

3. 'Mundailing' and 'Mandalay'

Although the name 'Mandailing' already referred to in the Negarakertagama book around the mid 14^th century, but until now have not obtained any certainty about the 'origin of the name Mandailing' is. In addition Dada Meuraxa (1973) states that there are suspect Mandailing name derived from the word 'Mande Hilang' (Minangkabau language: 'missing mom'), others thought the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the words 'Mundailing', which means 'Munda displaced'. Mentioned that the Munda ‘nation’ in India ago because they did evacuation pressured by the Aryans. In terms of the Munda nation's late decision by the Aryans, Slametmulyana (1979) says, that "before the arrival of the Aryans, Munda peoples occupying northern India. Due to the insistence of the Aryans, the Munda‘nation’ retreated to the south. The occupation of the Aryans took place around the year 1500 BC. Munda ‘nations’ moved out of the area towards Assam India and Southeast Asia, following the occupation of the valley of the Gangga river by the Aryans in its entirety".

In a Munda ‘nation’ displacement of North India to South East Asia as driven by the Aryans, the possibility that there are friends one to Sumatra. And through the port of Barus - on the west coast of Sumatra - they continue his journey up into an area that was later called as 'Mandailing', which is derived from the words 'Mundailing' which means 'Munda displaced' (leaving the country of origin), as proposed Dada Meuraxa (1973) mentioned above.

Regarding the way in the Munda peoples of the west coast of Sumatra, which is the port of Barus, be remembered that the place several centuries before the solar year is already much visited by various nations, and became very famous for its harbor as producer commodity ‘kapur barus’ (camphor). And in Barus in the past there were never colonies Tamils ​​also came from India.

Dada Meuraxa (1973) also states that there is a mention is the origin of the Mandailing name  (words) 'Mandalay’, which is the name of the capital city in Burma. In this connection we can see the opinion of T.E. Tarigan and Emilkam Tambunan (1974) which states that "In Northern Burma there is a center of civilization and city government called Mandalay is almost the same as in Mandailing - South Tapanuli".

From the other side would think that saying the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the words 'Mundailing' (Munda displaced) can be connected also with the idea that ‘Mandailing’ name comes from the word 'Mandalay'. Perhaps the people who urged Munda of their country in India are not directly move to Sumatra. But for the first period of their life in the Burma or 'Mandalay'. Later on they moved new from Mandalay to the Sumatra, and enter areas through road Mandailing as noted above.

Munda process of moving people from Mandalay to Sumatra (Mandailing) can also be connected with the transfer of the nations of South Asia (India Rear) into Indonesia in the past more than 1000 years before Christ. According Mangaradja Onggang Parlindungan in his book is highly controversial it (Tuanku Rao, 1964), that the transfer was due to the insistence of the Mongols from the north. He said also that there are those who sailed from South Burma to Indonesia and partially arrived in Sumatra.

The possibility of such a transfer process, Munda peoples of India who had originally lived in Mandalay (North Burma) as driven by the Mongols and then moved to South Burma, and because they also pressed continuously then sailed to the Indonesian and some arrived in Sumatra and occupies an area that became known as the 'Mandailing'.

4 . 'Mandala' and 'iling'

According to Basyral Hamidy Harahap (2013), Mandailing name comes from two words, namely 'mandala' and 'iling'. Mandala in Sanskrit means the district, regional, and war arena. While the words ‘iling’ contained in the vocabulary Mandailing, Angkola, Karo, Simelungun, and Toba which means 'oblique' when associated with the contour of the land in the form of a gently sloping hill (called 'dolok'), slopes and plains of the valley flowed a river. Warneck (1977) mentions that the word 'iling' means 'zurseite geneight' means 'ramp'. A village in Raya district, Simelungun, named ‘Huta iling’ that coordinate 2^o56'0 " North Latitude and 98^o53'0 " east longitude , about 21 kilometers west Siantar between Panai and Raya. Ecology ‘Huta iling’ was the same as Mandailing. But to known that, in Mandailing language, the word 'ling' means 'high-pitched sound’, something like the sound of birds ‘serindit’ the male sex.

5 . ‘Mandala Hilang’

MangarajaLelo Lubis (1986), one of the traditional leaders and community leaders Mandailing, in the book ‘Sopo Godang dan Silipi Mandailing’, also wrote about the origin of the name 'Mandailing'. In the book raised by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis that according to the old story, the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the word 'Mandala Holing'. In the past 'Mandala Holing' is a kingdom covering areas ranging from Portibi in Padang Lawas up to Pidoli in Mandailing (near Panyabungan). At first, located in the center of the kingdom Portibi, where the discovery of ancient temples. Due to the insistence of Majapahit, then later fled to Pidoli. Once upon a time in Pidoli there are also temples. Among other remnants located in a place called 'Saba Biara' around Pidoli. In this connection it may be remembered that in Portibi temples, also called the 'candi biara' or 'biaro'. The words 'biara' is presumably derived from the 'temple' meaning a place of worship for Buddhism.

The possibility of a kingdom called 'Mandala Holing' of yore in South Tapanuli, as proposed by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis, can be attributed to the expansion of Majapahit for control of the area or the possibility kingdom mentioned in the book of Negarakertagama as 'Mandahiling' (Mandala Holing). If royal 'Mandala Holing' is connected with the temples in Portibi, it is necessary to bear in mind that there are researchers who said that the temples were built since the 10^th century. And there is also a call to the 11^th century. In fact, there is a mention of the construction of temples started century 5. Until now there has been no certainty about the future development of the temples in the Portibi. If royal 'Mandala Holing' is synonymous with the area or 'Kingdom of Mandahiling' mentioned in the Negarakertagama book, it can be noted that the expansion of the kingdom of Majapahit ('Mandailing') that occurred around the mid 14th century.

There are still other information expressed by Mangaraja Lelo Lubis about the origin of the name Mandailing, namely that the name 'Mandailing' is derived from the word 'Mandala Hilang'. In this case, explained that at one time people Mandala, ie persons 'Koling' ('Keling') Mandailing inhabit. At the time of the Malays to enter the area, the people Mandala (Koling = Keling ) go elsewhere. Therefore, the Malay saying 'Mandala Hilang', and over time 'as' was turned into 'Mandailing'. With the opinion thus, we are compelled to think, is it not possible that what is meant by the ‘Mandala' ('Holing') it is the people who in ancient times came from Mandalay (Burma) to ‘Mandailing’ region. And the people who came from Mandalay was none other than those who originally fled Munda from India to Burma as urged by the Aryans as noted earlier. In this connection, the name 'Mandala' right adjacent to the name of 'Mandalay'.

Previously been proposed about the existence of a number of ancient relics in several places in Mandailing. These ancient relics are authentic evidence, that there men who inhabited the region at that time Mandailing, as indigenous Mandailing, where they continue to grow until then Hindus came and settled in Mandailing.

It is probable that among the natives and immigrants (Keling, the Hindus), where they coexist peacefully and then build the kingdom in Mandailing. This conjecture is based on the fact that although many found relics of the Hindu era in Mandailing region, but also found indigenous cultural heritage Mandailing which develops itself without dominated by Hindu influence. For example, 'statues' as found on page Bagas Godang in Panyabungan Tonga-Tonga and 'wooden sculptures' contained in Huta Godang (Ulu Pungkut - Mandailing Julu). Likewise, traditional ornaments (called 'bolang') contained in Bagase Godang and Sopo Godang are very few shows Hindu influence, namely the triangle -shaped ornament called 'bindu' ('pusuk robung') which is a symbol of the social system ie Dalian Na Tolu. In Hindu culture, 'bindu' (triangle shape) is a symbol of the mystical relationship between man and god Trimurti. Other parts of the traditional ornaments do not show the influence of Hinduism. From the shape, the ornaments that existed until now only use geometric lines (straight lines), except ornaments of natural objects, man-made and animals such as the sun, moon, stars, swords, snakes, and others. Shape ornaments using only geometric lines proves the ornaments are from the era was so long ago (primitive). In addition, there are also Hindu influence on Mandailing traditional culture, such as the naming of the ‘desa na ualu’ (‘cardinal directions’) and the knighthood as Raja (Mangaraja), Soripada, Guru, and the name of the mountain like Dolok Malea, and use ‘traditional shampoo’ (called 'pangir' ) well as baths in Batang Gadis river.

Diversity Mandailing language consisting of hata Somal, hata sibaso, hata parkapur, hata teas dohot jampolak and grandmother that each vocabulary showed divergent Mandailing indigenous culture has long been developing. This of course resulted from an already high civilization which is not much influenced by Hindu culture. So it can be concluded that although the Hindus for a long time to settle and develop indigenous Mandailing culture but not dominated by Hindus and freely develop its own culture.

Likewise, all of the above thoughts are still hypothetical and therefore still requires more extensive research and in-depth. It is a challenge for the sons Mandailing to perform further research. Hopefully none of them were interested to examine it, so the origin of the name and existence of this Mandailing people do not live to be 'puzzle' for ever. [EN]