'Marga' and 'Patrilinealism'

UNDERSTAND 'PATRILINEAL' AND 'MARGA'

IN MANDAILING JULU

By Edi Nasution

In everyday life in Mandailing Julu, a person rarely ask the name of 'clan' of others who are communicate with him. Question someone to others who come to a 'huta' (village) about 'who' himself, not the name of 'clan', but the name 'Tobang' (father of fathers), 'ompung' (grandfather), 'father' (father), or 'who relatives' of the person. In other words, a person rarely ask other people with the words: "Aha do margamu?", but more often with the words: "Ise do tobangmu?", "Ise do ompungmu?", "Ise do your father?", "Ise do amangtuamu do?", "Ise do amangborumu? ", "Ise do tulangmu? "and so on.

In addition to having a surname like Lubis, Nasution, Pulungsn, Batunara, Matondang, Daulae, Rangkuti, Parinduri and so forth, tribal Mandailing also adopts patrilineal in their socio-cultural life, is a customary patrilineal society that regulates the flow of offspring derived from paternal. This word (patrilineal) is often equated with patriarchal or patriarchy, although essentially different meaning. Patrilineal derived from two Latin words, which is pater meaning father, and linea which means line. Thus, the mean follow patrilineal lineage is drawn from the father's side. Meanwhile, the patriarchate is derived from two Greek words, namely putter which means "father", and archein meaning rule. So, patriarchy means power in the hands of the father or the man. This is different from the Minangkabau tribal adopts 'materialime' and 'ethnicity' as Andomo Koto, Balaimansiang, Banuampu, Banuhampu, Bariang, Bejo, Bendang, Body, Caniago, Dalimo, DalimoGuci, Jambak, Kalumpang, Kampai, Koto, Kutianyie, Kutianyir, Lamu, Lubuk Trunk, Malay, Mandahiling, Mandailiang, Mandaliko, Mansiang, Pagacancang, Tanjung Pagar, Panai, Panyalai, Pataping, Payobada, Penago, Piboda, Piliang, Banana, Pitopang, Pitopang, Rajo Dani, Salayan, SaloSalo Sikumbang, Simabua, Simabur, Sinapa, Singkuang, Sipanjang, Sipisang, Sumagek, SumagekSumpadang, Napa River, Supanjang, cape, Tigo lareh and Tubu.

The word 'materialism' is composed of two words namely 'material' and 'isms'. 'Material' can be understood as "material; objects; everything looks". But conceptually 'materialism' is a view of human life that are looking for everything including the basis of human life in the material realm solely, to the exclusion of everything that overcome natural senses. Meanwhile, the people whose lives are oriented to the material referred to as 'materialist'. Arguably the nation or tribe-Saxon 'materialism' is the bearer understand (teachings) materialism or also people who are concerned with the material alone (possessions, money, and so on). 'Materialism' is understood in the philosophy that states that it can be said that there really is a 'material'. Basically all it consists of 'material' and all phenomena are the result of material interactions. 'Matter' is the only substance. As a theory, 'materialism' including understanding monistic ontology. However, 'materialism' is different from ontological theories based on 'duality' or 'pluralism'. In providing a single explanation of reality, 'materialism' opposite 'idealism'.

According to the experts, 'materialism' does not recognize entities such as non-material: spirits, ghosts, demons and angels. The only reality is material and everything is a manifestation of the activity of the material and the material in which the activity is immortal. There is no first mover or first cause. There is no life, no thought is eternal. All symptoms of changing, finally surpassed existence, which is returned to the base material of primordial, eternal, in the form of an eternal transition of the material.

The words 'clan' is derived from the language 'Sanskrit', ie 'Varga' meaning 'warna' (color). 'Highways' it means' group' or 'fathers' people' are derived from a common ancestor. In this case, it's been a long time that not a few people who no longer wear Mandailing 'surname' as they practice taking the Arabs 'tribal name' and the Tionghoa (China) uses 'the 'name she' them. Such as the nomads Mandailing in Land-Malaysian peninsula rarely wear 'clan' you indulge them is many do not know what it actually 'clan'. Sometimes, 'clan' that they understand just means 'brother' in a general sense. The nomads Mandailing there is the view that 'clan', 'tribe', 'silsilah' (tambo or tarombo) no useful in Malaysia but may be used in Sumatra. It is the attitude of 'double standards' of a 'bi-cultural' (Malay and also claimed Mandailing).

According Abdoellah Loebis, 'clans' in Mandailing Julu and Pakantan is like Lubis (which divided to Huta Nopan Lubis and Lubis Muara Soro), Nasution, Parinduri, Coal, Matondang, Daulay, Nai Munte, Hasibuan, and Pulungan. While the 'clans' in Mandailing Godang is: Nasution Nasution terbahagi to Panyabungan, mining, Borotan, Lancat, Jior, Tonga, Dolok, Maga, Pidoli, and others such as Lubis, Hasibuan, Harahap, Coal, Matondang (Hasibuan descent), Rangkuti, Mardia, Parinduri, Stone na Bolon, Pulungan, Rambe, Mangintir, Nai Monte, Panggabean, Tangga Ambeng and Margara (Rangkuti, Mardia and Parinduri origin of the 'clan')

According Basyral Hamidy M. Harahap and Hotman Siahaan, in Angkola and there Sipirok 'clans' as Pulungan, Baumi, Harahap, Siregar, Dalimunte and Daulae. There are also other clans among others Harahap, Siregar, Hasibuan, Daulae, Dalimunte, Pulungan, Nasution and Lubis in Padang Lawas.

The 'clan name' in Mandailing people, both men and women, came from their father (patrilineal). In the meantime, girls who marry retain the 'surname' of his father. Like the Arabs and Tionghua, Mandailing people have knowledge about the pedigree (tambo or tarombo) offspring once they get some history of their ancestors. According Abdoellah Loebis who wrote about the origin of the Mandailing in the magazine 'Mandailing' published in the field in the early period of the 20th: "... that there is still a legend holding down-derivatives, namely clan Lubis and Nasution, as it has been written by the late Raja Mulya former Kuriahoofd (area) Aek (River) Nangali ... ", but this does not mean that the" clans "Mandailing others do not maintain" pedigree "them. Usually in a 'Huta' (village) in Mandailing there are two or three 'marga' and major 'marga' the marrying interbreed. Indigenous Mandailing prohibit marriage between 'clan' are the same, for example by Lopez Lopez, and couples who violate this rule will be punished.

In the early period of the 20th, many people Mandailing of South Tapanuli  who have lived for generations in eastern Sumatra, but do not use the name 'marga' them as they shelter under the 'royal Malay' is supported by the Dutch colonists. So is the case in Malaysia. But after the Japanese occupation, the social revolution erupted in East Sumatra oppose Malay kingdoms, and people too early uphold Mandailing their own cultural identity. The same revolution is not applicable in Peninsular Malaysia, Dr. Ariffin Omar in his 'Malay nation', said that the Mandailing in East Sumatra began using the name 'clan' as their widespread rejection of culture, identity and Malay kingdoms, and along with that also promote their indigenous culture, namely Mandailing. As said Lubis Arif, chairman of the author akhbar 'Soeloeh Merdeka' and 'Mimbar Umum' in the time of social revolution, "should someone be ìmasuk Melayuî that they also may out from Malay".

History demonstrated that the identity of 'tribes' have 'exchanged face' with displacement (immigration), marriage, occupation and political protection. However the current 'ethnic development' that hit the world today have revived their culture, especially true among immigrants and minorities.

Refreces:

Drijarkara, Pertjikan Filsafat Jakarta: PT. Pembangunan Djakarta, 1966.

Lorens Bagus, Kamus Filsafat ,Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama), 2000,

Ariffin Omar, Bangsa Melayu Malay, Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945-1950, Oxford University Press, 1993.

Abdoellah Loebis, Riwajat Mandailing, dipetik dari Mangaraja Ihoetan, Riwajat Tanah Wakaf Bangsa Mandailing di Soengai Mati, Medan, 1926.

Edi Nasution, Tulila: Muzik Bujukan Mandailing, Penang-Malaysia: Areca Books, 2007.

Edi Nasution